Search results for "diapir"

Influence of pre-existing salt diapirs on 3D folding patterns

2014

Abstract The 3D detachment folding instability gives rise to a wide variety of fold shapes (e.g. from dome shape structures to long en-echelon or straight anticlines) as a result of interactions between growing fold segments. The 3D growth of these folds, as well as the wavelength and lateral propagation of folds, is controlled by the physical parameters of a detachment layer and its overburden. However, the existence of initial heterogeneities, such as pre-existing salt plugs within the sedimentary cover, might affect fold development as well. We use numerical modeling to investigate how the fold pattern is affected by pre-existing salt structures. High-resolution 3D folding simulations (w…

Numerical modelling of magma dynamics coupled to tectonic deformation of lithosphere and crust

2013

Many unresolved questions in geodynamics revolve around the physical behaviour of the two-phase system of a silicate melt percolating through and interacting with a tectonically deforming host rock. Well-accepted equations exist to describe the physics of such systems and several previous studies have successfully implemented various forms of these equations in numerical models. To date, most such models of magma dynamics have focused on mantle flow problems and therefore employed viscous creep rheologies suitable to describe the deformation properties of mantle rock under high temperatures and pressures. However, the use of such rheologies is not appropriate to model melt extraction above …

Mapping of large-scale diapir structures at the paleo-ice tongue bed in western Latvia from geophysical investigations and borehole data

2022

Abstract This study comprises the investigation of the complex and deformed Late Pleistocene sedimentary sequence in western Latvia composed of sandy sediments that are protruded by large-scale clayey silt diapirs and covered by glaciotectonically disturbed discontinuous patches of the Late Weichselian till. We use detailed measurements by ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) combined with borehole data and sedimentological investigations at the Baltic Sea cliffs to map and characterize the large-scale deformation structures and discontinuous till patches. We distinguish the intriguing and previously not detected characteristics of the spatial distribut…

Numerical approach to problems of gravitational instability of geostructures with advected material boundaries

1998

SUMMARY We present a numerical approach for solving 2-D mantle flow problems where the chemical composition changes abruptly across intermediate boundaries. The method combines a Galerkin-spline technique with a method of integration over regions bounded by advected interfaces to represent discontinuous variations of material parameters. It allows direct approximation of a natural free surface position, instead of a posteriori calculation of topography from the normal stress at the upper free-slip boundary. We formulate a model where a viscous incompressible fluid filling a square box is divided into layers (not necessarily horizontal) by advected boundaries, across which the density and vi…

Subglacial bed deformation and dynamics of the Apriķi glacial tongue, W Latvia

2011

Saks, T., Kalvans, A. & Zelcs, V. 2012 (January): Subglacial bed deformation and dynamics of the Apriķi glacial tongue, W Latvia. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 124–140. 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2011.00222.x. ISSN 0300-9483. We evaluate the glacial dynamics and subglacial processes of the Apriķi glacial tongue in western Latvia during the Northern Lithuanian (Linkuva) oscillation of the last Scandinavian glaciation. The spatial arrangement of glacial bedforms and deformation structures are used to reconstruct the ice dynamics in the study area. The relationship between geological structures at the glacier bed and the spatial distribution of drumlins and glacigenic diapirs, on the one hand, and the permeab…

Intrusion of granitic magma into the continental crust facilitated by magma pulsing and dike‐diapir interactions: Numerical simulations

2016

Lacustrine sedimentation in the diapir-controlled Miocene Bicorb Basin, Eastern Spain

1998

The Miocene Bicorb Basin is a small elongated basin developed by normal faulting of a thick Jurassic–Cretaceous carbonate succession and subsequent diapirism of Upper Triassic mudstones and evaporites. The basin fill comprises a sequence over 650 m thick formed by two units. The lower, alluvial unit consists of a complex alternation of conglomerates, sandstones, mudstones, and minor lacustrine limestones. The upper unit comprises marginal alluvial and lacustrine deposits in which seven lacustrine facies associations have been distinguished. The inner lacustrine deposits comprise mudstones and carbonates with minor evaporitic deposits. At the northeast and southwest basin edges, alluvial inp…

Pattern formation in 3-D numerical models of down-built diapirs initiated by a Rayleigh–Taylor instability

2015

1999

The tholeiitic dolerites that crop out in three diapirs of the SE of the Iberian Chain (Alfarp, Quesa and Lugar Nuevo de Fenollet, Valencia), are the expression of evolved (low Ni, Cr and mg* values) basic magmas, injected into poorly lithified sediments (lutites, marls and gypsum) which represent the Upper Triassic (Keuper facies)-Hettangian boundary, developing sills with reduced thickness. Their mineral and whole-rock geochemical compositions indicate a continental tholeiitic affinity and certain similarities to a MORB composition and, on the other hand, show that the Alfarp dolerites represent the less evolved compositions, whereas the Fenollet dolerites show a significantly greater dif…

Multifactorial control of sedimentation patterns in an ocean marginal basin: the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) during the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian

1987

The Mesozoic Lusitanian Basin developed as a part of the North Atlantic rift system. Tectonic rifting activity was rejuvenated during the Upper Jurassic, leading to intensive differentiation of facies development. Kimmeridgian and Lower Tithonian calcareous and siliciclastic sediments represent basinal and slope, shallow marine, and terrestrial environments. The lithostratigraphic arrangement of facies units is demonstrated. Sediment character, distribution and thicknesses are mainly controlled by synsedimentary faulting, with a partial overprint by uprise of salt diapirs. Eustatic sea level fluctuations, exogenic and biogenic factors resulted in additional control on facies development.