Search results for "difference"
showing 10 items of 1534 documents
Regional differences in returns to education for entrepreneurs versus wage earners
2010
Many studies suggest that rates of return to schooling are lower for entrepreneurs than for employees, although the opposite has also been reported. This paper analyses the returns to education for entrepreneurs in urban and rural regions in Finland and compares these to the returns for wage earners. These areas show different rates of self-employment, higher rates being found in rural areas and lower rates in urban areas. The analysis is based on a rich, register-based dataset that includes a 7% random sample of all Finns. To avoid potential sources of bias, Mincer-type income equations are estimated using different estimation procedures. The results show regional variation in returns to e…
(Table 1) Sea surface temperature reconstruction for eastern equatorial Pacific surface sediment samples
2012
Significant uncertainties persist in the reconstruction of past sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific, especially regarding the amplitude of the glacial cooling and the details of the post-glacial warming. Here we present the first regional calibration of alkenone unsaturation in surface sediments versus mean annual sea surface temperatures (maSST). Based on 81 new and 48 previously published data points, it is shown that open ocean samples conform to established global regressions of Uk'37 versus maSST and that there is no systematic bias from seasonality in the production or export of alkenones, or from surface ocean nutrient concentrations or salinity. The flattening…
Color memory in children
2008
The methods of simultaneous and memory color matching have been studied for a set of five Munsell color samples by 50 children, 25 boys and 25 girls (ranging in age from 9 to 11 years). By comparison between this group and one of 50 young adult observers, we can deduce the following: (a) In children, as in young adults, the mean CIELAB total color difference, ΔE*ab, in simultaneous color matching is lower than the ΔE*ab by memory color matching. (b) Children matched reference test worse than young adults for orange, bluish green (only boys and men) and yellow green (only girls and women). (c) While men remember, independently of age and delay time, violet reference test worse than women (P …
Development of Household Income Towards Modern Welfare Economics in Latvia
2020
Latvia in international comparisons is among the countries with rather low average income for households but rather high differences in income in households, especially in highest income households (richest quintile) characterised with significant indicators of variability in euro zone countries by Household and Consumption Survey conducted buy Bank of Latvia by methodology of European Central Bank in all eurozone countries and according EU- SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) data. This current research is devoted to analysis of development of income and variability of income of households in Latvia in comparison with other OECD countries and eurozone countries…
Role of Education and Training on Income in Different Regions of Latvia
2019
Latvia is often critisised by international institutions on rising gap for income differences in several social groups. This current research is devoted to analyse of role of education and training on income level. Research methods used: scientific publications and previous conducted research analysis, analysis of EU-SILC data on differences in income depending from education level, from regions and from territory (urban/rural), interviews of regional authorities on life-long training arrangements and applications in regions with lower income level. Data analysis methods: descriptive statistics (indicators of central tendency or location, indicators of variability), cross-tabulations of hou…
Tuition fees and student effort at university
2018
Abstract This paper presents theoretical and empirical evidence that an increase in tuition fees may boost university students’ academic effort. We examine the tuition fee rise introduced in 2012 by Spanish universities, where students register and pay for their chosen modules and fees increase each time students retake a module until they pass it. Data refer to students of economics, business and medicine at the University of Valencia during 2010–2014. The fact that some students pay fees in full while others are exempt from payment provides an identifying source of variation that we exploit using a flexible difference-in-differences methodology.
Revista electrónica de investigación y evaluación educativa
2016
Este estudio evalúa un procedimiento nuevo para el análisis “micro-sociométrico” de los patrones relacionales de género en el alumnado adolescente, lo que se analiza aplicando Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiples (ACM). El propósito del estudio es desarrollar y validar la Escala de Preferencias Relacionales de Género (EPRG), con el fin de obtener datos válidos y fiables que permitan reconocer la predisposición de las chicas y los chicos adolescentes a relacionarse con sus iguales; y, si las relaciones que establecen están condicionadas por la socialización diferencial de género que propone el patriarcado (Bosch, Ferrer & Alzamora, 2006; Lagarde, 1996; Lomas, 2007; Lorente, 2007; Rodríguez…
3He-MRI-based measurements of intrapulmonarypO2 and its time course during apnea in healthy volunteers: first results, reproducibility, and technical…
2000
We applied a recently developed method of following the time course of the intrapulmonary oxygen partial pressure p(O2)(t) during apnea by (3)He MRI to healthy volunteers. Using two imaging series with different interscan times during two breathholds (double acquisition technique), relaxation of (3)He due to paramagnetic oxygen and depolarization by RF pulses were discriminated. In all four subjects, the temporal evolution of p(O2) was found to be linear, and was described by an initial partial pressure p(0) and a decrease rate R. Also, regional differences of both p(0) and R were observed. A correlation between p(0) and R was apparent. Finally, we discuss limitations of the double acquisit…
Efficacy of preheated chelating agents on calcium ion removal from instrumented root canals
2021
Background The heating of chelating agents such as EDTA increases dentin wettability by decreasing surface tension. However, the calcium ion release effect of preheated chelating agents in instrumented root canals has not yet been mentioned. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the number of calcium ions removed by the pre-heated chelating agents from the root canals. Material and Methods After 51 bovine teeth were instrumented, three of them were separated as negative controls and the remaining teeth were divided into six groups according to the temperature of the solution (at 22 or 37ºC): EDTA-22, CITRIC-22, QMix-22, EDTA-37, CITRIC-37 and QMix-37. Following irrigation, calcium ion lev…
The use of virtual reality as a potential restorative environment in school during recess
2020
Publisher Copyright: © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Previous research has found out that simulated, Virtual Reality (VR)-based forests can bring equal or even higher restorative effects than real forests. In this study, a Virtual Reality (VR)-based forest was created in order to compare whether VR-based forest can possess restorative effects in the context of primary school, and how the possible effects compare to restorative effects of a normal recess or to a situation when there is no recess at all. The effects were measured using Restorative Outcome Scale (ROS) and problem-solving tasks after the intervention. The res…