Search results for "differentiation"
showing 10 items of 1605 documents
Fate of extrahepatic human stem and precursor cells after transplantation into mouse livers.
2007
In recent years, a large number of groups studied the fate of human stem cells in livers of immunodeficient animals. However, the interpretation of the results is quite controversial. We transplanted 4 different types of human extrahepatic precursor cells (derived from cord blood, monocytes, bone marrow, and pancreas) into livers of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Human hepatocytes were used as positive controls. Tracking of the transplanted human cells could be achieved by in situ hybridization with alu probes. Cells with alu-positive nuclei stained positive for human albumin and glycogen. Both markers were negative before transplantation. However, cells with alu-p…
Transplanted neural stem/precursor cells instruct phagocytes and reduce secondary tissue damage in the injured spinal cord
2012
Transplanted neural stem/precursor cells possess peculiar therapeutic plasticity and can simultaneously instruct several therapeutic mechanisms in addition to cell replacement. Here, we interrogated the therapeutic plasticity of neural stem/precursor cells after their focal implantation in the severely contused spinal cord. We injected syngeneic neural stem/precursor cells at the proximal and distal ends of the contused mouse spinal cord and analysed locomotor functions and relevant secondary pathological events in the mice, cell fate of transplanted neural stem/precursor cells, and gene expression and inflammatory cell infiltration at the injured site. We used two different doses of neural…
Molecular Profiling of Potential Human Prostate Cancer Stem Cells
2013
We have investigated the expression of Oct-4, Suz-12, and Cripto-1, as presumptive “stemness” genes, and of connexin 43 (Cx43), Cx32 and androgen receptor (AR), as cell differentiation genes, in two human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and LNCaP. This aiming to define molecular profiles of prostate cancer stem cells for a better understanding of prostate carcinogenesis and tumor progression, as well as for prognostic or therapeutic purposes. Cells were grown in 3-dimensional (3D) cell cultures to favor clonal expansion of cancer stem and early progenitor cells, and compared to cells grown in 2-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Under 3D culture conditions, LNCaP cells and PC3 cells generated …
Involvement of multiple myeloma cell-derived exosomes in osteoclast differentiation
2015
Bone disease is the most frequent complication in multiple myeloma (MM) resulting in osteolytic lesions, bone pain, hypercalcemia and renal failure. In MM bone disease the perfect balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs) activity is lost in favour of OCs, thus resulting in skeletal disorders. Since exosomes have been described for their functional role in cancer progression, we here investigate whether MM cell-derived exosomes may be involved in OCs differentiation. We show that MM cells produce exosomes which are actively internalized by Raw264.7 cell line, a cellular model of osteoclast formation. MM cell-derived exosomes positively modulate pre-…
MMP-13 stimulates osteoclast differentiation and activation in tumour breast bone metastases
2011
INTRODUCTION: The increased bone degradation in osteolytic metastases depends on stimulation of mature osteoclasts and on continuous differentiation of new pre-osteoclasts. Metalloproteinases (MMP)-13 is expressed in a broad range of primary malignant tumours and it is emerging as a novel biomarker. Recent data suggest a direct role of MMP-13 in dissolving bone matrix complementing the activity of MMP-9 and other enzymes. Tumour-microenvironment interactions alter gene expression in malignant breast tumour cells promoting osteolytic bone metastasis. Gene expression profiles revealed that MMP-13 was among the up-regulated genes in tumour-bone interface and its abrogation reduced bone erosion…
Differentiation of granuloma cells (epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells): a morphometric analysis
1986
Morphometric analysis disclosed distinct differences between blood monocytes, tissue monocytes (i.e. immature macrophages), epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells as well as phagocytic macrophages (i.e. mature macrophages) in the granuloma model of autoimmune (anti-TBM) tubulo-interstitial nephritis. The numerical density of lysosomes decreased slightly in tissue monocytes compared with blood monocytes but showed a pronounced increase during the formation of epithelioid cells. The lysosomal compartments of epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells resembled each other very closely, but the giant cells obviously produced additional lysosomes of small diameter (80-120 nm). Ph…
Adipose tissue sensitivity to radiation exposure
2008
1525-2191 (Electronic) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Treatment of cancer using radiation can be significantly compromised by the development of severe acute and late damage to normal tissue. Treatments that either reduce the risk and severity of damage or that facilitate the healing of radiation injuries are being developed, including autologous adipose tissue grafts to repair tissue defects or involutional disorders that result from tumor resection. Adipose tissue is specialized in energy storage and contains different cell types, including preadipocytes, which could be used for autologous transplantation. It has long been considered a poorly proliferative connective ti…
Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells: A Novel Cell Source for Oral Mucosa and Skin Epithelia Regeneration
2013
Abstract Perinatal stem cells such as human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cells (HWJSCs) are excellent candidates for tissue engineering because of their proliferation and differentiation capabilities. However, their differentiation potential into epithelial cells at in vitro and in vivo levels has not yet been reported. In this work we have studied the capability of HWJSCs to differentiate in vitro and in vivo to oral mucosa and skin epithelial cells using a bioactive three-dimensional model that mimics the native epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. To achieve this, primary cell cultures of HWJSCs, oral mucosa, and skin fibroblasts were obtained in order to generate a three-dimension…
Cell viability, osteoblast differentiation, and gene expression are altered in human osteoblasts from hypertrophic fracture non-unions
2007
Recent studies have provided evidence that the number and proliferation capacity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, as well as the number of osteoprogenitor cells are reduced in patients with fracture non-unions. For fracture non-unions that do not heal after appropriate surgical intervention, the question arises as to what extent systemic cellular dysfunctions should be considered as being pathogenetic factors. For this purpose, we have examined the hypothesis that the cell function of osteoblasts isolated from patients with fracture non-unions may differ from those of normal control individuals in an identical and controlled in vitro situation. We analyzed the osteoblast cell …
The distribution of blood group antigens in rodent epithelia
1984
The pattern of distribution of antigens cross-reacting with antibodies to human blood group antigens A and B and two precursor molecules was examined by immunofluorescence in the epidermis, oral mucosa and forestomach of rats and mice. Staining for blood group antigen A was negative. In all epithelia examined, blood group antigen B was present at the surface of basal and parabasal cells, and the H antigen at the surface of spinous cells. N-acetyllactosamine was present on the cell membranes in the upper spinous and granular cell layers of epidermis and forestomach epithelium and was not expressed in the oral epithelia except for a limited area in the dorsal tongue epithelium. Thus, the expr…