Search results for "differentiation"
showing 10 items of 1605 documents
Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of whole extract and isolated indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica associated with re-activation of …
2014
Phytochemicals may exert chemo-preventive effects on cells of the gastro-intestinal tract by modulating epigenome-regulated gene expression. The effect of the aqueous extract from the edible fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI extract), and of its betalain pigment indicaxanthin (Ind), on proliferation of human colon cancer Caco-2 cells has been investigated. Whole extract and Ind caused a dose-dependent apoptosis of proliferating cells at nutritionally relevant amounts, with IC50 400 ± 25 mg fresh pulp equivalents/mL, and 115 ± 15 μM (n = 9), respectively, without toxicity for post-confluent differentiated cells. Ind accounted for ∼80% of the effect of the whole extract. Ind did not cause ox…
Amyloid-Beta Induces Different Expression Pattern of Tissue Transglutaminase and Its Isoforms on Olfactory Ensheathing Cells: Modulatory Effect of In…
2021
Abstract Alzhèimer Disease (AD) is characterized by protein aggregates in the brain, including amyloid-beta (Aβ), a substrate for tissue transglutaminase (TG2). We assessed the effect of full native peptide of Aβ (1–42), the fragments (25–35 and 35–25) on TG2 expression and its isoforms (Long and Short) on mouse Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (OECs). The levels of cytoskeletal proteins, Vimentin and Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein, were also studied. The effect of the pre-treatment with Indicaxanthin on cell viability, total Reactive Oxygen Species, superoxide anion and apoptotic pathway activation was assessed. Since Nestin is co-expressed in pluripotent stem cells with cyclin D1, their levels …
Changes in the Transcriptome Profiles of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Induced by Three-Dimensional Culture: A Potential Primin…
2022
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are believed to function in vivo as a homeostatic tool that shows therapeutic properties for tissue repair/regeneration. Conventionally, these cells are expanded in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, and, in that case, MSCs undergo genotypic/phenotypic changes resulting in a loss of their therapeutic capabilities. Moreover, several clinical trials using MSCs have shown controversial results with moderate/insufficient therapeutic responses. Different priming methods were tested to improve MSC effects, and three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques were also examined. MSC spheroids display increased therapeutic properties, and, in this context, it is crucial…
Expression profiling of glial genes during Drosophila embryogenesis
2006
AbstractIn the central nervous system of Drosophila, the induction of the glial cell fate is dependent on the transcription factor glial cells missing (gcm). Though a considerable number of other genes have been shown to be expressed in all or in subsets of glial cells, the course of glial cell differentiation and subtype specification is only poorly understood. This prompted us to design a whole genome microarray approach comparing gcm gain-of-function and, for the first time, gcm loss-of-function genetics to wildtype in time course experiments along embryogenesis. The microarray data were analyzed with special emphasis on the temporal profile of differential regulation. A comparison of bo…
Development of an Italian RM Y-STR haplotype database: Results of the 2013 GEFI collaborative exercise.
2015
Recently introduced rapidly mutating Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (RM Y-STR) loci, displaying a multiple-fold higher mutation rate relative to any other Y-STRs, including those conventionally used in forensic casework, have been demonstrated to improve the resolution of male lineage differentiation and to allow male relative separation usually impossible with standard Y-STRs. However, large and geographically-detailed frequency haplotype databases are required to estimate the statistical weight of RM Y-STR haplotype matches if observed in forensic casework. With this in mind, the Italian Working Group (GEFI) of the International Society for Forensic Genetics launched a collaborative ex…
Megakaryocytic cell line-specific hyperploidy by cytotoxic necrotizing factor bacterial toxins
1996
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) toxins, isolated from certain Escherichia coli strains known to cause intestinal and extra intestinal infections, induce reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and generate hyperploidy in adherent cell lines. We have examined the effect of CNF toxin on one of the few cell types that naturally increase nuclear DNA content, megakaryocytes. Our studies show that only hematopoietic cells capable of differentiating along the megakaryocyte lineage responded to the CNF2 toxin by becoming polyploid and by reorganizing actin. The K562, HEL, and CHRF-288–11 cell lines can be induced with phorbol ester to differentiate along the megakaryocyte lineage, and these cel…
Environmental radioactivity at Stromboli (Aeolian Islands)
2002
HPGe gamma spectrometry, thermoluminescence dosimetry, X-ray diffractometry and fluorescence techniques have been used to analyze the natural radionuclides content of soil and rock samples, air kerma and geochemical features on the island of Stromboli, belonging to the Aeolian Islands, in the Mediterranean Sea. The 214Bi, 238Ac, and 40K contents obtained are in agreement with the magmatic evolution of the rock formation, as shown by the correlations between radionuclide and chemical elements abundacies, depending on the various magmatic differentiation mechanisms. Correlations between radiometric, lithological and geochemical data have been assessed in order to obtain some hints on the geoc…
Differential response of neuronal cells to a fusion protein of ciliary neurotrophic factor/soluble CNTF-receptor and leukemia inhibitory factor
2002
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) displays neurotrophic activities on motor neurons and neural cell populations both in vivo and in vitro. On target cells lacking intrinsic expression of specific receptor alpha subunits cytokines of the IL-6 family only act in the presence of their specific agonistic soluble receptors. Here, we report the construction and expression of a CNTF/soluble CNTF-receptor (sCNTF-R) fusion protein (Hyper-CNTF) with enhanced biological activity on cells expressing gp130 and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIF-R), but not membrane-bound CNTF-R. At the cDNA level, the C-terminus of the extracellular domain of human CNTF-R (amino acids 1-346) was linked via a sing…
Second-generation Langerhans cells originating from epidermal precursors are essential for CD8+ T cell priming.
2014
Abstract In vivo studies questioned the ability of Langerhans cells (LCs) to mediate CD8+ T cell priming. To address this issue, we used intradermal immunization with plasmid DNA, a system in which activation of CD8+ T cells depends on delayed kinetics of Ag presentation. We found that dendritic cells (DCs) located in the skin at the time of immunization have limited ability to activate CD8+ T cells. This activity was mediated by a second generation of DCs that differentiated in the skin several days after immunization, as well as by lymph node–resident DCs. Intriguingly, CD8+ T cell responses were not affected following treatment with clodronate liposomes, immunization of CCR2−/− mice, or …
Structure-activity relationship studies of novel heteroretinoids: induction of apoptosis in the HL-60 cell line by a novel isoxazole-containing heter…
1999
In a search for retinoic acid receptor (RAR and RXR)-selective ligands, a series of isoxazole retinoids was synthesized and evaluated in vitro in transcriptional activation and competition binding assays for RARs and RXRs. In addition, these compounds were evaluated for their differentiating, cytotoxic, and apoptotic activities. In general, these derivatives showed scarcely any binding affinity and were not active in the transcriptional assay. However, among these isoxazole derivatives, the cis-isomer 14b was identified as a potent inducer of apoptosis, and its activity was found to be 6.5 and 4 times superior than that of 13-cis- and 9-cis-retinoic acids, respectively. On the other hand, c…