Search results for "differentiation"
showing 10 items of 1605 documents
Age-Related Lipid Metabolic Signature in HumanLMNA-Lipodystrophic Stem Cell-Derived Adipocytes
2015
Lamin A (LMNA)-linked lipodystrophies belong to a group of clinical disorders characterized by a redistribution of adipose tissue with a variable range of metabolic complications. The leading cause of these disorders is the nonphysiological accumulation of the lamin A precursor, prelamin A. However, the molecular mechanisms by which prelamin A induces the pathology remain unclear.The aim of this study is to use an experimental LMNA-lipodystrophy model based on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)-derived adipocytes that accumulate prelamin A to gain deeper insights into the mechanisms governing these diseases.Prelamin A-induced or -noninduced hMSC-derived adipocytes were obtained from healthy…
Sex-specific phenotypical and functional differences in peripheral human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells
2006
Abstract Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells constitute a minor proportion of human peripheral blood T cells that can expand rapidly upon infection with microbial pathogens. Vγ9/Vδ2 T cell numbers change characteristically with age, rising from birth to puberty and gradually decreasing again beyond 30 years of age. In adults, female blood donors have significantly higher levels than males, implying that circulating Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells in women remain elevated for a longer period in life and drop less strikingly than in men. This loss in men is accompanied by a substantial depletion of CD27−CD45RA− and CD27−CD45RA+ effector T cells and a parallel increase in CD27+CD45RA− central memory T cells while in women, the d…
Manifestation and ultrastructural typing of amyloid deposits in the heart
1983
Using light and electron microscopy, 65 cases of amyloid deposits in the heart were examined. Five different groups were distinguished: I. isolated atrial amyloidosis, II. senile cardiac amyloidosis, III. cardiac amyloid accompanying chronic infections and tumors, IV. cardiac amyloid accompanying plasma cell dyscrasia, V. idiopathic cardiac amyloidosis. Seen structurally, no principal differences in the precise localization of the amyloid deposits were found in any of the groups investigated. Amyloid is always deposited in the vicinity of cells with myocytic cell differentiation (i.e. the heart muscle cells, non-striated muscle cells of the vessels), whereby the relevant basement membranes …
The kinase inhibitor LS104 induces apoptosis, enhances cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and is targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3…
2008
Activating mutations of FLT3 are found in approximately one-third of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-cases and are considered to represent an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, we report that the hydroxystyryl-acrylonitrile compound LS104 inhibits proliferation and induces potent cytotoxic effects in FLT3 expressing leukemic cells in vitro. Immunoblot and phosphoprotein-FACS analysis demonstrated inhibiton of phosphorylation of FLT3-ITD and of its downstream targets. In pharmacokinetic studies, a rapid and dose dependent cellular uptake of LS104 lasting up to 11h could be demonstrated. Combination of LS104 with chemotherapeutic agents markedly enhanced cytotoxic effects. Recently, a…
Patterns of differentiation in extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma cells. An in vitro study.
1994
BACKGROUND In vitro, tissue culture-associated differentiation assays have facilitated the identification of multiple tumor-cell types. METHODS We have investigated the capability of differentiation of three extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma cell lines toward a neural and muscular direction by in vitro stimulation with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine-monophosphate (db cAMP) and 5-azacytidine, respectively. RESULTS Elongation of cytoplasmic processes and increase of neural markers chromogranin, S-100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were observed after db cAMP treatment of these lines and neurosecretory granules as well as myelin figures were demonstrated ultrastructurally. These results s…
GDF 15 as an anti-apoptotic, diagnostic and prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma
2011
Growth-differentiation factor 15 (GDF 15) is involved in tumor pathogenesis and its expression is increased in many types of cancers. Functional effects of GDF 15 on oncogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the apoptotic characteristics of GDF 15 in OSCC cell lines in vitro and to analyze serum GDF 15 concentrations as a diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker for OSCC in vivo. Caspase activity was assessed in OSCC cell lines with the Caspase-Glo 3/7 system. Serum GDF 15 concentrations from 64 patients with histopathological proven OSCC and from 30 healthy volunteers were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent a…
Soft tissue Ewing's sarcoma. Characterization in established cultures and xenografts with evidence of a neuroectodermic phenotype.
1990
This study characterizes the histogenesis of soft tissue Ewing’s sarcoma (StEs) based upon an analysis of three tumors. Long-term cultured cell lines and nude mice xenografts were established from original neoplasms or from their metastases. Histologically they revealed a small round cell pattern without signs of differentiation. Several ultrastructural features of neural type were found; the same were also seen on culture cell lines. Moreover, immunohistochemical study for neural markers revealed the presence of HNK-1, NSE, LIRC-LON 36, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilaments (70 kilodaltons), and chromogranin; some of these markers were present only in the transplan…
Immunoselection in vivo: independent loss of MHC class I and melanocyte differentiation antigen expression in metastatic melanoma
1997
Peptides derived from melanocyte differentiation antigens have been identified as targets for MHC class I-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in human melanoma Regression of antigen-expressing tumors as well as selection of antigen-loss variants in the presence of antigen-specific CTLs have previously been reported. In the present study, we determined the expression of the melanocyte differentiation antigens Melan A/MART-1 and tyrosinase by mRNA analysis and by immunohistochemical staining with the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) A103 and T311. Co-expression of Melan A/MART-1 and tyrosinase was detected by both methods in 18/20 melanomas tested. However, immunohistochemistry provided add…
Final report of the efficacy and safety of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) in patients with CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia in first recurrence
2005
BACKGROUND In this study, the authors analyzed the efficacy and safety of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) (Mylotarg®), an antibody-targeted chemotherapy for CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS Patients with CD33-positive AML in first recurrence were entered in 3 open-label, single-arm, Phase II studies. Patients received monotherapy with GO 9 mg/m2 as a 2-hour intravenous infusion in 2 doses separated by 2 weeks. Patients were evaluated for remission, survival, and treatment-emergent adverse events. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-seven patients (median age, 61 yrs) were treated with GO, and 71 patients (26%) achieved remission, which was defined as ≤ 5% blasts in the bone marrow wit…
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: diagnosis and prognosis.
1997
BACKGROUND. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a recently recognized, poorly differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is located predominantly in the upper aerodigestive tract. METHODS. In this study, clinical and pathologic parameters of 17 BSCCs and 133 typical SCCs of the esophagus that underwent potentially curative resection (no distant metastases, no residual tumor) were compared. In addition, light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of BSCC were investigated, to determine whether this type of carcinoma could be differentiated from other poorly differentiated carcinomas of the esophagus. RESULTS. Light microscopic study sh…