Search results for "digestive"

Interaction of aroma compounds with food matrices

2015

Abstract Aroma compounds are volatile molecules which, in order to be perceived, have to be released from the food during the eating process and must reach the olfactory receptors. Their release from the food matrix into the vapour phase highly depends on their interaction with non-volatile compounds present in the food matrix, such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. In real food, the complexity of the matrix also needs to take into account the interactions between macromolecules and the structure and microstructure, as well as the in-mouth processing. An example of aroma–matrix interaction in cheeses in relation to perception will be given.

Refractory coeliac disease: one step closer to the origin of aberrant lymphocytes.

2012

Aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are the key feature of refractory coeliac disease type II (RCDII), but the cellular origin of these aberrant IELs remains unclear. In a recent paper Schmitz et al 1 further explored previously characterised aberrant IEL cell lines from four patients with RCDII by using a broad spectrum of cell specific markers, RNA array and immunological techniques, to compare these cell lines to IELs from the fetal intestine, the intestine of children and adults and the thymus. IELs are a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes with innate and adaptive features that inhabit the small and large intestine. IELs are important for the maintenance of tolerance to com…

Arthropod-induced neoplastic formations on trees change photosynthetic pigment levels and oxidative enzyme activities

2005

Abstract In order to test the hypothesis that arthropod-induced neoplastic formations on trees affect biochemical characteristics of both the newly formed galls and host plant tissues, biochemical characteristics with a possible adaptive role were determined in nine gall-former–host tree combinations. Photosynthetic pigments, extractable protein content, and oxidative enzyme activities were determined in gall tissues, leaf tissues of galled leaves, and leaves on ungalled tree branches. Neoplastic tissues were characterized by a low content of photosynthetic pigments, decreased chlorophyll a/b ratio, lower extractable protein content, and decreased activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxi…

Food-attraction conditioning in the snail, Helix pomatia

1995

Adult pulmonate snails (Helix pomatia) were released equidistant between two types of food, carrot and potato, respectively. Naive snails moved in different directions and did not locate either food above chance, although both foods were readily eaten upon direct contact. After a single carrot feeding episode, 75% of the carrot-fed snails moved directly towards the carrot and ate it. Conversely, potato-fed snails located the potato in 67% of the cases. Snails that were fed apple or lettuce behaved like naive animals, with the majority of animals (75% in both cases) locating neither the carrot nor the potato. The ability of snails to locate this particular food after a single feeding episode…

Is Khat (Catha edulis) chewing a risk factor for periodontal diseases? : a systematic review

2017

Background Khat (Catha edulis) chewing is a highly prevalent habit in the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa, and has recently spread to Western countries. The association between khat chewing and oral mucosal lesions is well documented in the literature. However, there is no concrete evidence on the association between khat chewing and periodontal disease. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the influence of khat chewing on periodontal health. Material and methods A literature search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases was carried out to identify relevant articles published from 1990 to May 2017. The inclusion criteria were all clinical studies that assessed the…

On an imported case of Taenia saginata

2016

The contribution of P. acidilactici, L. plantarum, and L. curvatus starters and L-(+)-lactic acid to the acrylamide content and quality parameters of…

2017

Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from spontaneous rye sourdough were isolated, identified, and characterized by their growth, acidification rate, and carbohydrate metabolism. The isolated LAB were used for production of rye sourdough, and the influence of sourdough on mixed rye - wheat bread quality and acrylamide formation was evaluated. In addition, comparative studies by using acidification with L-(+)-lactic acid for mixed rye – wheat bread production were performed. Isolated LAB (P. acidilactici, L. plantarum, L. curvatus) demonstrated versatile carbohydrate metabolism, grown at 30 °C and 37 °C, and acidic tolerance. When the isolated strains were used for rye sourdough production, t…

Interaction of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota: Microbial metabolism of polyphenols, influence on the gut microbiota, and implications on host…

2020

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a vast number of microorganisms that are called as the microbiota. Each individual harbors a unique gut microbial composition, this composition evolves throughout the host's lifetime and it is easily affected by internal or external changes. It has been shown that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host's health and as this complex community has the ability to interact with each other and with the host's immune system, the presence or absence of some major species can affect the homeostasis. Diet can be considered as one of the pivotal factors in modulating the functionality, integrity, and composition of the gut microbiota as th…

The gut microbiota structure of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus (Isopoda: Oniscidea)

2020

We used a combination of culture-dependent and independent approaches to study in depth the microbial community associated with the digestive tract of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833). Specimens from different sampling sites in Tunisia harbored distinct microbiota profiles indicating the impact of both host origin and environmental factors on shaping the microbial flora within P. pruinosus. Our results revealed unexpected bacterial diversity especially via metagenomic analysis; a total of 819 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to two major bacterial phyla; Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. We used Nutrient Agar to isolate the cultivable fraction of bac…

Brødbaking for bedre helse

2016

Masteroppgave folkehelsevitenskap - Universitetet i Agder 2016 Introduction: Bread is a part of the Norwegian food culture and a important part of the Norwegian diet. However, the intake of fiber is too low and the health authorities recommend a higher intake of wholemeal bread and cereals. In addition, we throw away as much as 190 000 bread in Norwegian garbage cans every day throughout the year, which is negative in light of the environment. Purpose: This study looks at whether an intervention with the goal of getting participants to bake homemade bread could affect an increased intake of bread, especially intake of whole meal bread, and reduce wastage of bread. The question to answer was…