Search results for "digestive"

Second St. Gallen European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Cancer Conference: consensus recommendations on controv…

2016

Contains fulltext : 171468pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Primary treatment of rectal cancer was the focus of the second St. Gallen European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Gastrointestinal Cancer Conference. In the context of the conference, a multidisciplinary international expert panel discussed and voted on controversial issues which could not be easily answered using published evidence. Main topics included optimal pretherapeutic imaging, indication and type of neoadjuvant treatment, and the treatment strategies in advanced tumours. Here we report the key recommendations and summarise the related evidence. The treatment strategy for localised rect…

Epigenetic Alterations Upstream and Downstream of p53 Signaling in Colorectal Carcinoma

2021

Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) belongs to the most common cancer types. It is well known that half of all CRC possess missense mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. However, the entire signaling cascade upstream and downstream of the p53 protein may also contribute to CRC development, if relevant players in this signaling cascade lost their function. Besides p53 loss-of-function by mutations, epigenetic changes (DNA methylation, post translational modifications of histones, micro-RNAs) play a vital role in CRC development. In the present review, we concentrated on the epigenetic modifications related to the entire p53 signal transduction cascade upstream and downstream of p53…

Oral manifestations in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a single-center case-control study

2008

OBJECTIVE: To assess the occurrence of oral pathological changes and symptoms in patients affected by gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 200 patients with GERD and 100 matched healthy controls were studied. Thorough visual examination of the dental and oral mucosal tissues was performed and medical history relevant to oral symptoms was collected. The primary outcome was defined as a statistically significant difference, between the study group and controls, in the presence of the following indicators: soft/hard palate and uvula erythema, tooth wear, xerostomia, oral acid/burning sensation, subjective halitosis and dental sensitivity. Statistical analysis include…

2021

Late-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a clinically challenging problem. The activity of the tumor suppressor p53 is regulated via posttranslational modifications (PTMs). While the relevance of p53 C-terminal acetylation for transcriptional regulation is well-defined, it is unknown whether this PTM controls mitochondrially mediated apoptosis directly. We used wild-type p53 or p53-negative human CRC cells, cells with acetylation-defective p53, transformation assays, CRC organoids, and xenograft mouse models to assess how p53 acetylation determines cellular stress responses. The topoisomerase-1 inhibitor irinotecan induces acetylation of several lysine residues within p53. Inhibition of …

No evidence of EMAST in whole genome sequencing data from 248 colorectal cancers.

2021

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is caused by defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR), and manifests as accumulation of small insertions and deletions (indels) in short tandem repeats of the genome. Another form of repeat instability, elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST), has been suggested to occur in 50% to 60% of colorectal cancer (CRC), of which approximately one quarter are accounted for by MSI. Unlike for MSI, the criteria for defining EMAST is not consensual. EMAST CRCs have been suggested to form a distinct subset of CRCs that has been linked to a higher tumor stage, chronic inflammation, and poor prognosis. EMAST CRCs not exhibiting MSI have b…

Ultrasonographic and radionuclide detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotics with low alpha-fetoprotein levels

1984

A total of 67 cirrhotic patients with clinically suspected neoplastic degeneration and low alpha-fetoprotein levels were assessed prospectively with ultrasound and gold (198Au) scintigraphy. Ultrasound showed space-occupying lesions in 22 of the 24 patients who had a final diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (sensitivity, 95.8%) and excluded the presence of HCC in 37 of the 43 patients with cirrhosis only (specificity, 86.0%; efficiency, 90.8%). Scintigraphy demonstrated a cold defect in 22 of the 24 patients who had a final diagnosis of HCC (sensitivity, 95.8%) and excluded the presence of HCC in 22 of the 43 patients with cirrhosis only (specificity, 51.1%; efficiency, 69.8%). It …

Next-Generation Genomic Profiling of Hepatocellular Adenomas: A New Era of Individualized Patient Care

2014

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are clinically relevant benign liver lesions that commonly occur in women on hormonal contraceptives. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Pilati and colleagues present an integrative multi-“omics”-based analysis of HCA and identify recurrent genetic alterations associated with adenoma-carcinoma transition and new drugable targets.

[The activation of methionine for transmethylation in regenerating rat liver and hepatoma].

1958

The activity of methionine-activating enzyme has been measured in normal and regenerating rat liver and in hepatoma cells.

Dermatux: Phase IV trial of C-FOLFIRI in 1st-line metastatic colorectal cancer receiving a pre-defined skin care.

2016

e15048Background: Dose- and treatment limiting cetuximab-induced skin rash ≥ 3° occur in 18% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Survival, response and toxicity parameters were re-evaluated under a pre-defined skin prophylaxis consistent of vitamin K1 ointment and oral doxycycline. Methods: This is a national, phase IV, multicenter, 1st-line CRC trial (N = 165, KRAS wt, EGFR +, ECOG 0/1) in UICC stage 4 patients. Patients received irinotecan 180 mg/m² (d1) , folinic acid 400 mg/m² (d1), and 5-FU 400 mg/m² (d1, d2) and cetuximab ( 400 mg² (d1), then 250 mg/m² qw). Concurrently, patients received 0.1% vitamin K1 ointment qd and oral doxycycline 100 mg bid. Upon occurrence of rash ≥ 3°, an ad…

Follow-up of patients with colonic polyps containing severe atypia and invasive carcinoma. Compliance, recurrence, and survival

1988

Between January 1975 and December 1984 1769 polyps were endoscopically removed from 1219 patients. Eight percent of these patients had polyps containing severe atypia and 5.0% had polyps containing invasive cancer. A close postoperative surveillance program was followed by only a few patients, but compliance improved with longer follow-up intervals. Metachronous polyps were observed with similar frequency in patients with benign polyps (34.8%) and those with polyps containing severe atypia (23.8%) or cancer (41.7%). Patients in whom malignant polyps were endoscopically removed had a 5-year survival rate of 84.3% that did not differ from that of patients' whose polyps contained severe atypia…