Search results for "dire"
showing 10 items of 3084 documents
THE IMPACT OF THE FUTURE COMMUNITARIAN BUDGET ON THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY
2013
The main purpose of the Common Agricultural Policy was oriented towards production, within a short time span, due to massive subsidies from 2/3 of the communitarian budget. At this time the main objective of the Common Agricultural Policy is to reach quality, ecologic and food safety parameters, for which only 1/3 of the communitarian budget is allocated. The Common Agricultural Policy is supported by members with developed agricultural sectors, but also by states in Central and Eastern Europe, which have difficulties in this sector. The communitarian budget subsidizes the two main pillars of agriculture: "direct payments" and "rural development".
Are Energy Market Integrations a Green Light for FDI?
2015
This paper studies the effect of energy market integration (EMI) on foreign direct investment (FDI). EMIs diminish energy uncertainty and price volatility in the host country and affect FDI through two channels: first, by harmonizing energy prices and, second, by reducing price dispersion. FDI may, as a result, increase both within and outside the EMI area, through energy stability mechanisms and price mechanisms, respectively. An empirical application on a global dataset including bilateral FDI data, during 2003-2012, using the gravity equation, shows that the integration of Portugal and Spain's electricity market in 2007 increased the amount of FDI's participants. Additionally, a positive…
"Uma cruzada santa e humana que arrancará o crime do seu meio social": o socialismo penal de Afonso Costa
2023
Central but controversial figure of the First Portuguese Republic (1910-1926), Afonso Costa (1871-1937) was also a professor at the Faculty of Law in Coimbra, before leaving to found and direct the Faculty of Social Studies and Law in Lisbon in 1913. Although he taught civil law, political economy and judicial institutions, Costa attracted attention for his academic work in criminal law, where he displayed his socialist convictions. As a Portuguese representative of the 'socialism of jurists', he was, along with Filippo Turati, Napoleone Colajanni and Michelangelo Vaccaro, part of the socialist criminal 'school' (or social 'school' of criminal law), which was known to have discarded the not…
Kirjanpitolain oikean ja riittävän kuvan lisämääreet : mitä oikea ja riittävä kuva, olennaisuus sekä toiminnan laatu ja laajuus tarkoittavat?
2022
Vuonna 2016 voimaan tulleessa kirjanpitolain uudistuksessa oikeaa ja riittävää kuvaa koskeva lainkohta sai lisämääreikseen olennaisuuden sekä toiminnan laadun ja laajuuden. Analysoimme tässä artikkelissa sitä, mitä kyseiset seikat tarkoittavat oikean ja riittävän kuvan yhteydessä, ja mihin muutos perustuu. Oikea ja riittävä kuva sisältyi ensimmäisen kerran kansalliseen lainsäädäntöömme vuoden 1992 kirjanpitolain uudistuksessa. Olennaisuus on keskeinen teema uudessa tilinpäätösdirektiivissä, ja se on ollut keskeinen osa suomalaista hyvää kirjanpitotapaa, mikä on näkynyt esimerkiksi työ- ja elinkeinoministeriön yhteydessä toimivan kirjanpitolautakunnan (KILA) lausunnoissa. Toiminnan laatu ja …
Komercnoslēpuma aizsardzības regulējums Latvijā
2016
Maģistra darbs „Komercnoslēpuma aizsardzības regulējums Latvijā” sniedz ieskatu komercnoslēpuma jēdziena izpratnes un komercnoslēpuma aizsardzības regulējuma problēmās Latvijas tiesību sistēmā, salīdzinot ar regulējumu ārvalstīs, starptautiskajās tiesībās, kā arī plānoto Eiropas Savienības regulējumu komercnoslēpuma aizsardzības nodrošināšanai iekšējā tirgū. Darbs ir sadalīts trīs nodaļās, sākot ar komercnoslēpuma attīstību un regulējumu ārvalstīs, turpinot ar komercnoslēpuma jēdziena analīzi, pievēršot uzmanību komercnoslēpuma pazīmēm, un beidzot ar komercnoslēpuma aizsardzības īstenošanas regulējuma problēmu analīzi attiecībā uz komercnoslēpuma subjektu, tiesību uz komercnoslēpumu saturu,…
Panama and the WTO: new constitutionalism of trade policy and global tax governance
2017
"Corrigendum" in Review of International Political Economy, 24(4), p. 738 (DOI: 10.1080/09692290.2017.1332547). Tax havens and tax flight have lately received increasing attention, while interest toward multilateral trade policies has somewhat diminished. We argue that more attention needs to be paid exactly to the interrelations between trade and tax policies. Drawing from two case studies on Panama's trade disputes, we show how World Trade Organization (WTO) rules can be used both to resist attempts to sanction secrecy structures and to promote measures against tax flight. The theory of new constitutionalism can help to explain how trade treaties can 'lock in' tax policies. However, our c…
Contextuality Analysis of the Double Slit Experiment (with a Glimpse into Three Slits)
2018
The Contextuality-by-Default theory is illustrated on contextuality analysis of the idealized double-slit experiment. The experiment is described by a system of contextually labeled binary random variables each of which answers the question: Has the particle hit the detector, having passed through a given slit (left or right) in a given state (open or closed)? This system of random variables is a cyclic system of rank 4, formally the same as the system describing the Einsten-Podolsky-Rosen-Bell paradigm with signaling. Unlike the latter, however, the system describing the double-slit experiment is always noncontextual, i.e., the context-dependence in it is entirely explainable in terms of d…
Child-centered versus teacher-directed teaching practices: Associations with the development of academic skills in the first grade at school
2016
This study examined the extent to which child-centered versus teacher-directed teaching practices predicted the development of children's reading and math skills in the first year of elementary school. In addition, we investigated whether associations between teaching practices and children's academic skills development in Grade 1 differed among children who had low, average, or high initial academic skills at the beginning of school. The reading and math skills of 1,132 Finnish children from 93 classrooms were assessed at the beginning and end of Grade 1, and the Early Childhood Classroom Observation Measure (ECCOM) was used to observe teaching practices in 29 classrooms. The results of mu…
Izglītības iestādes direktora loma organizācijas kultūrās pilnveidē
2019
Mūsdienās vajadzība pēc kvalitatīvas izglītības strauji pieaug, tādejādi palielinoties vajadzībai pēc mūsdienīgas un efektīgas skolas, ir interesanti pētīt, kāda ir 21.gadsimta skolas kultūra un direktora loma tās pilnveidē. Kaut skolas savā ziņā šķiet līdzīgas, tomēr katrai ir savas vērtības, mērķi, tradīcijas, savstarpējās attiecības, iespējas, skolas vides iekārtojums. Izglītības iestāde savu misiju pilnvērtīgi neveiks, ja to nevadīs atbilstošs vadītājs, kurš efektīgi vada iestādi, spēj motivēt savus darbiniekus, kuram ir plašs zināšanu loks un atbilstīga kvalifikācija, kurš prot uzstādīt globālus mērķus un tos sasniegt pēc stingri uzstādītiem kritērijiem. Skolas direktors savā kolektīvā…