Search results for "disorders"
showing 10 items of 4560 documents
The interface of clinical psychopharmacology and psychopathology.
1989
Four areas of common interest for clinical psychopharmacology and psychopathology are identified: (1) the diagnostic-based approach in clinical psychopharmacology; (2) the characterization of psychotropic drugs according the main psychopathologically defined target symptoms; (3) prediction of treatment response; (4) development of rating scales. The current state of research strategies in these areas is discussed and the need for new strategies is stressed. In particular, diagnosis-based research strategies in clinical psychopharmacology are not fully justified by empirical data; an alternative approach is discussed.
Irritative and sensory disturbances in oral implantology. Literature review.
2010
The aim of this study was to review irritative and sensory disturbances following placement of dental implants. A literature search was made of PubMed for articles published between 2000 and 2010. Studies that reported sensory disturbances directly caused by the placement of dental implants were included. Sensory deficits or trigeminal neuropathy are caused by damage to the third branch of the trigeminal nerve du-ring surgery. This manifests in the immediate postoperative period as a sensory deficit not usually associated with pain and generally transient. The literature reviewed reported irritative and sensory disturbances caused during surgery, after surgery, and as a result of complicati…
Predictors of early dropout in treatment for gambling disorder: The role of personality disorders and clinical syndromes
2017
Several treatment options for gambling disorder (GD) have been tested in recent years; however dropout levels still remain high. This study aims to evaluate whether the presence of psychiatric comorbidities predicts treatment outcome according to Millon's evolutionary theory, following a six-month therapy for GD. The role of severity, duration of the disorder, typology of gambling (mainly online or offline) and pharmacological treatment were also analysed. The recruitment included 194 pathological gamblers (PGs) to be compared with 78 healthy controls (HCs). Psychological assessment included the South Oaks Gambling Screen and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III. The "treatment fail…
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes: Are there differences in academic problems?
1995
This article addresses the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic problems. The development of diagnostic categories of attention deficits from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.) to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) is briefly reviewed. Forty‐five Chilean children demonstrating symptoms of either ADHD Combined Type, ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type, or ADHD Predominantly Hyperactivity‐Impulsive Type are compared with each other and with a clinical control group on the prevalence of academic achievement problems. The data show that academic problems are more common among ADHD Comb…
Determination of 14-3-3 protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid from Creutzfeldt-Jakob patients by a highly sensitive capture assay.
2001
The level of 14-3-3gamma protein was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and non-CJD patients applying a new and fast microplate assay (14-3-3 protein capture assay), based on the binding to a peptide comprising a phosphorylated recognition motif of 14-3-3 protein. The levels of the gamma-isoform of 14-3-3 protein in CSF samples from CJD patients (n=41) were significantly higher than those observed in patients with non-CJD dementias (n=36) suggesting that this capture assay is a reliable method in the diagnosis of CJD. Since this assay allows the direct measurement of 14-3-3 protein in the CSF without prior concentration it is an ea…
Dolor orofacial en músicos instrumentistas de viento
2012
Dentro de la amplia gama de tecnopatías que afectan a los intérpretes musicales (sean profesionales o no), el dolor orofacial es una de las más frecuentes, especialmente en los músicos de viento (viento-madera o viento-metal). Este trabajo pretende realizar una revisión bibliográfica relacionada con dicho tema, centrándose en los instrumentistas de viento. Material y métodos Se realizó la búsqueda en la National Library of Medicine's PubMed database así como en otras bases de datos médicas para identificar aquellos artículos revisados por pares en la literatura relacionados con los problemas orofaciales en músicos de viento, usando tanto palabras clave dentro de los Medical Subject Headings…
Organizational and activational effects of testosterone in two populations with high androgenization susceptibility = Efectos organizadores y activad…
2013
Los esteroides sexuales como la testosterona (T) producen una organización y/o modificaciones relativamente permanentes de la estructura y función del sistema nervioso central. Una alta exposición prenatal a la T podría estar relacionada con una mayor sensibilidad a los efectos activadores de dicha hormona durante la edad adulta. Por otra parte, las fluctuaciones en los niveles endógenos de T pueden modificar transitoriamente las capacidades socio-cognitivas. Así, la conducta y los procesos cognitivos podrían ser el resultado de la interacción entre los efectos hormonales organizadores y activadores. La T podría ser considerada como un predictor de rasgos masculinizados tales como los rasgo…
High sensitivity of northern pike larvae to UV-B but no UV-photoinduced toxicity of retene
2003
In order to investigate whether increased UV-B radiation is a risk factor, a series of acute laboratory experiments was conducted with larval stages of the northern pike (Esox lucius L.), hatching in Nordic waters in May. Further, a comparative investigation on the acute phototoxicity of retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene), a PAH compound recently revealed to posses UV-B-induced phototoxicity in larval coregonids, was conducted with pike larvae. In semi-static experiment, larvae were pre-exposed to retene (3, 9, 30 and 82 microg/g), with relevant controls, for 24 h and then irradiated for 3 h once a day (two consecutive days) with three UV-B doses (CIE-weighted 1.0, 1.8 or 2.7 kJ/m2 p…
Exposure to increased ambient ultraviolet B radiation has negative effects on growth, condition and immune function of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salm…
2008
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were exposed in two outdoor experiments, ranging in duration from 52 to 137 days, to spectral treatments: (1) natural sunlight (=present ambient UVB level), (2) solar radiation supplemented with enhanced UVB radiation from lamps simulating 20% or 8% stratospheric ozone loss or (3) UVB-depleted sunlight achieved by screening with Mylar-D film. The growth, condition and immune function of the salmon were quantified after treatments. Exposure to enhanced UVB radiation retarded growth, and decreased hematocrit value and plasma protein concentration. Further, enhanced UVB radiation affected plasma immunoglobulin concentration. The results demonstrate that juven…
Inflammation Determines the Pro-Adhesive Properties of High Extracellular D-Glucose in Human Endothelial Cells In Vitro and Rat Microvessels In Vivo
2010
BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is acknowledged as an independent risk factor for developing diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. At present, most therapeutic approaches are targeted at a tight glycemic control in diabetic patients, although this fails to prevent macrovascular complications of the disease. Indeed, it remains highly controversial whether or not the mere elevation of extracellular D-glucose can directly promote vascular inflammation, which favors early pro-atherosclerotic events. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In the present work, increasing extracellular D-glucose from 5.5 to 22 mmol/L was neither sufficient to induce intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion mo…