Search results for "distress"

Intimate male partner violence impairs immune control over herpes simplex virus type 1 in physically and psychologically abused women.

2004

OBJECTIVE: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a worldwide problem and a cause of significant distress and threat to health. Studies have focused mainly on mental health, and few have considered the effect on physiological systems. The aim of this research was to determine whether IPV also compromises the immune system, as evidenced by a decrease in immune regulation over herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the latent virus that causes cold sores. METHODS: Physically abused (N = 47) and psychologically abused women (N = 27) were compared with nonabused control women (N = 37). Information about sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime history of victimization, and mental heal…

Modifying the family process in two cases of physical child abuse and secondary functional encopresis

1998

In this article, a treatment working model is proposed and applied to two cases of multiproblem families with severe physical child abuse. Stimulus events that directly affect the likelihood of a physically abusive episode and setting factors that play an important indirect role because they increase the number of confrontations and decrease parental competence are considered. The child abuse cases involved major parenting deficits, maternal psychopathology, a major psychosomatic problem (childhood encopresis), and symptoms of childhood conduct disorder, which occurred in a setting of family distress, low income, and sibling distress. This study demonstrates how a two-phase comprehensive p…

Childhood adversities and distress - The role of resilience in a representative sample.

2016

While adverse childhood experiences have been shown to contribute to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, specifically distress and somatic symptoms, few studies have examined their joint effects with resilient coping style on adult adjustment. Hence, we aim to determine the association between resilient coping and distress in participants with and without reported childhood adversities. A representative German community sample (N = 2508) between 14-92 years (1334 women; 1174 men) was examined by the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Brief Resilience Coping Scale, standardized scales of distress and somatoform symptoms. Childhood adversity was associated with reduced ad…

The impact of attachment distress on affect-centered mentalization: An experimental study in psychosomatic patients and healthy adults

2018

Introduction We investigated the impact of attachment distress on affect-centered mentalization in a clinical and a non-clinical sample, comparing mentalization in a baseline condition to mentalization under a condition of attachment distress. Methods The sample consisted of 127 adults who underwent inpatient psychosomatic treatment, and 34 mentally healthy adults. Affect-centered mentalization was assessed by analyzing participants’ narratives on interpersonal situations in a baseline condition with the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS), and an experimental condition inducing attachment distress with the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). Unlike the LEAS, the AAP is…

2014

article i nfo Objective:Thisstudy (ID:NCT01205906) comparedtheimpact of theworkingalliancebetween the therapistand the client on treatmentoutcome ina group and an Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (GCBT vs. ICBT) for chronic tinnitus. Methods: The Working Alliance Inventory — Short Revised (WAI-SR, scale range: 1-5) was administered to 26 GCBT and 38 ICBT participants after treatment weeks 2, 5, and 9, and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) be- fore and after the treatment. Results: High alliance ratings were found in both ICBT (WAI-SR total scores at week 9:M =3 .59,SD= 0.72) and GCBT (WAI-SRtotal scoresatweek 9: M =4 .20,SD= 0.49), butsignificantlyhigher ratings occurred inGCBT…

Actitudes hacia la maternidad y el apoyo social como predictores de trastornos emocionales en mujeres jóvenes con cáncer recientemente diagnosticadas…

1970

espanolObjetivo. Mujeres jovenes con cancer pueden beneficiarse de opciones para la preservacion de su fertilidad. Se necesitan estudios que determinen las implicaciones psicologicas de someterse a estas tecnicas y de la propia decision de recibirlas. Este estudio analiza el distres emocional, las preocupaciones sobre la fertilidad, las actitudes ante la maternidad, la satisfaccion con la informacion recibida y el apoyo social en mujeres con cancer que reciben un tratamiento de preservacion de la fertilidad. Metodo. Una muestra de 115 mujeres (edad media 31 anos) recien diagnosticas de cancer fueron evaluadas (Entrevista semiestructurada, Escala de apoyo social percibido, BSI-18) el mismo d…

Teachers’ responses to children in emotional distress: A study of co-regulation in the first year of primary school in Norway

2020

The purpose of this study was to explore how first-grade teachers respond to pupils in emotional distress within the framework of co-regulation. Co-regulation in this context refers to an adult–chi...

2021

In humans and mammals, effort-based decision-making for monetary or food rewards paradigms contributes to the study of adaptive goal-directed behaviours acquired through reinforcement learning. Chronic distress modelled by repeated exposure to glucocorticoids in rodents induces suboptimal decision-making under uncertainty by impinging on instrumental acquisition and prompting negative valence behaviours. In order to further disentangle the motivational tenets of adaptive decision-making, this study addressed the consequences of enduring distress on relevant effort and reward-processing dimensions. Experimentally, appetitive and consummatory components of motivation were evaluated in adult C…

The Interaction Between Physical and Psychosocial Stressors

2020

Do physical and psychosocial stressors interact to increase stress in ways not explainable by the stressors alone? A preliminary study compared participants’ stress response while subjected to a physical stressor (reduced or full physical load) and a predetermined social stressor (confronted by calm or aggressive behavior). Salivary cortisol samples measured endocrine stress. Heart rate variability (HRV) and electrodermal activity (EDA) measured autonomic stress. Perceived stress was measured via discomfort and stress state surveys. Participants with a heavier load reported increased distress and discomfort. Encountering an aggressive individual increased endocrine stress, distress levels, …

Chronic Distress in Male Mice Impairs Motivation Compromising Both Effort and Reward Processing With Altered Anterior Insular Cortex and Basolateral …

2021

AbstractIn humans and mammals, effort-based decision-making for monetary or food rewards paradigms contribute to the study of adaptive goal-directed behaviours acquired through reinforcement learning. Chronic distress modelled by repeated exposure to glucocorticoids in rodents induces suboptimal decision-making under uncertainty by impinging on instrumental acquisition and prompting negative valence behaviours. In order to further disentangle the motivational tenets of adaptive decision-making, this study addressed the consequences of enduring distress on relevant effort and reward processing dimensions. Experimentally, appetitive and consummatory components of motivation were evaluated in …