Search results for "duodenum"
showing 10 items of 106 documents
Pharmacology of the Sphincter of Oddi
1988
The sphincter of Oddi is the smooth muscle connection between the bile duct and the duodenum. Its physiological function is associated with a regular motility characterized by phasic contractions superimposed on the sphincter of Oddi baseline pressure. Recently introduced ERCP-manometry permits further studies of sphincter of Oddi pharmacology. A number of drugs have so far been studied. Sedatives of the diazepam type had no effect on the sphincter, while butylscopolaminium bromide, a typical neurotropic agent, brings about cessation of the sphincter motility for 3-8 minutes. Hymecromon lowered the sphincter baseline pressure from 9.8 to 7.8 mmHg. A 1.2 mg sublingual dose of nitroglycerin, …
Semantic and topological classification of images in magnetically guided capsule endoscopy
2012
International audience; Magnetically-guided capsule endoscopy (MGCE) is a nascent technology with the goal to allow the steering of a capsule endoscope inside a water filled stomach through an external magnetic field. We developed a classification cascade for MGCE images with groups images in semantic and topological categories. Results can be used in a post-procedure review or as a starting point for algorithms classifying pathologies. The first semantic classification step discards over-/under-exposed images as well as images with a large amount of debris. The second topological classification step groups images with respect to their position in the upper gastrointestinal tract (mouth, es…
Identification of protein IT of the intestinal cytoskeleton as a novel type I cytokeratin with unusual properties and expression patterns.
1990
A major cytoskeletal polypeptide (Mr approximately 46,000; protein IT) of human intestinal epithelium was characterized by biochemical and immunological methods. The polypeptide, which was identified as a specific and genuine mRNA product by translation in vitro, reacted, in immunoblotting after SDS-PAGE, only with one of numerous cytokeratin (CK) antisera tested but with none of many monoclonal CK antibodies. In vitro, it formed heterotypic complexes with the type II CK 8, as shown by blot binding assays and gel electrophoresis in 4 M urea, and these complexes assembled into intermediate filaments (IFs) under appropriate conditions. A chymotrypsin-resistant Mr approximately 38,000 core fra…
Traumatic Isolated Intramural Duodenal Hematoma Causing Intestinal Obstruction
2015
A 21-year-old man was admitted 36 hours after a blunt abdominal trauma occurred during a sporting competition. He complained of colic epigastric abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He was hemodynamically stable; blood counts and metabolic panel were normal. Abdominal CT showed an intestinal obstruction caused by an 8 x 6 x 11 cm hematoma on the right lateral duodenal wall without signs of active bleeding (Figure 1). He underwent gastric decompression and started total parenteral nutrition and intravenous pump inhibitors. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed 48 hours after the diagnosis showed an extrinsic compression by a bluish obstruction in the first part of the duodenum resembli…
Anti-acids lead to immunological and morphological changes in the intestine of BALB/c mice similar to human food allergy
2008
Abstract We have shown that anti-acid medication for treating dyspeptic disorders can block protein digestion and induce a higher risk for food sensitization. This mechanism was confirmed in human and animal studies on the humoral as well as the cellular level. Here we aimed to investigate the outcome of the treatment with the anti-acid drug sucralfate on the intestine in our murine model, assuming that morphological and immunological changes will occur. BALB/c mice were fed codfish extract plus sucralfate. Antibodies were examined in ELISA, RBL assay and Western blot. Quantitative morphological analysis of the intestine was performed by design-based stereology, focussing on epithelium, lam…
Study of the potential toxicity of enniatins A, A(1), B, B(1) by evaluation of duodenal and colonic bioavailability applying an in vitro method by Ca…
2010
Abstract The bioavailability of the minor Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins (ENs) utilizing an in vitro method which allows the simulation of the small and large intestine tracts has been studied. This method, based on the application of the Caco-2 cells grown alone or in symbiosis with several strains characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, has permitted to simulate the duodenal and colonic intestinal compartments, respectively. The duodenal bioavailability expressed as absorption value after 4 h of exposure, ranged from 57.7 to 76.8% for EN A, from 68.8 to 70.2% for EN A1, from 65.0 to 67.0% for EN B, and from 62.2 to 65.1% for EN B1. Colonic bioavailability after 48 h of incubation ra…
Functional evidence for GABA as modulator of the contractility of the longitudinal muscle in mouse duodenum: Role of GABAA and GABAC receptors
2007
We investigated, in vitro, the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the spontaneous mechanical activity of the longitudinal smooth muscle in mouse duodenum. GABA induced an excitatory effect, consisting in an increase in the basal tone, which was antagonized by the GABA(A)-receptor antagonist, bicuculline, potentiated by (1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid hydrate (TPMPA), a GABA(C)-receptor antagonist and it was not affected by phaclofen, a GABA(B)-receptor antagonist. Muscimol, GABA(A) receptor agonist, induced a contractile effect markedly reduced by bicuculline, tetrodotoxin (TTX), hexamethonium and atropine. Cis-4-aminocrotonic acid (CACA), a specific GABA(C) …
GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 MODULATES EXCITATORY CHOLINERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION OF MOUSE DUODENUM AND COLON
2009
The incretin Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced by enterendocrine L cells of the small intestine. It delays gastric emptying and reduces intestinal transit by inhibiting vagal activity. To date, no evidences are available about a direct peripheral influence on gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate in vitro the effects of GLP-1 on the spontaneous and evoked mechanical activity of murine duodenum and colon, recording intraluminal pressure, index of the circular mechanical activity, and isometric tension, index of the longitudinal mechanical activity. In both intestinal segments GLP-1 (up to 1 μM) did not affect spontaneous mechanica…
Morphological studies in canine (Dalmatian) neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis.
1988
Dalmatian dogs may develop a neuronal or generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) which strongly resembles that seen in English setters, especially as to the ultrastructural changes and ubiquity of the stored lipopigments and the retinal pathology, while differing clinically from the disorder of English setters in that the disease has a longer course of up to 5 or 6 yr. Clinical onset is at about age 6 months; however, an unequivocal morphological diagnosis is possible between the 4th and 5th month of life in biopsied skin. Detailed data of additional investigations are in progress and are awaiting later publication. Thus, NCL in the Dalmatian dog, though not yet as thoroughly investigated a…
Correlation between IgA tissue transglutaminase antibody ratio and histological finding in celiac disease.
2011
OBJECTIVES: Positivity of both immunoglobulin A anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) and anti-endomysium antibodies (EMA) has a positive predictive value of nearly 100% for celiac disease (CD). The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether patients of any age, with high pretest probability of CD and high titre of anti-TTG and EMA positivity, have a high probability of intestinal damage and may not require the biopsy for final diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 412 consecutively referred patients, age range 10 months to 72 years, who underwent small-bowel biopsy for suspicion of CD and positivity to both anti-TTG and EMA, was performed at 4 Italian centers. Biopsies w…