Search results for "dysfunctional family"
showing 10 items of 118 documents
Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia inoccupationalhealth services: Analyses of outcomes upto24monthspost-treatment
2013
Abstract Objective Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective treatment for persistent insomnia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of and response patterns to CBT-I among daytime and shift workers with insomnia over a 24-month follow-up in occupational health services (OHS). Methods The participants were 59 media workers with chronic insomnia, of whom 69% were reached at 24-month follow-up. Sleep diaries and questionnaires over seven measurement points were used as outcomes. Trained OHS nurses led the CBT-I groups. The study design was a non-randomized group intervention. Results Self-perceived severity of insomnia, sleep-related dysfunctional…
Emotional and Cognitive Variables Associated with Contamination-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
2016
AbstractDifferent variables have been associated with the development/ maintenance of contamination-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), although the relevance of these factors has not been clearly established. The present study aimed to analyze the relevance and specificity of these variables. Forty-five women with high scores on obsessive-compulsive contamination symptoms (n= 16) or checking symptoms (n= 15), or non-clinical scores (n= 14) participated in a behavioral approach/avoidance task (BAT) with a contamination-OCD stimulus. Vulnerability variables and participants’ emotional, cognitive, physiological and behavioral responses to the BAT were appraised. Results show that fea…
Associations between parental alcohol problems in childhood and adversities during childhood and later adulthood: a cross-sectional study of 28047 ad…
2021
Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are related to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, few larger studies based on a general population sample with age groups ranging from young adults to elderly have investigated whether parental alcohol problems increase the risk of offspring subjective reports of ACE both during childhood and current adult adversities. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between parental alcohol problems and adversities during childhood and later in adulthood. Methods The 28,047 respondents were adults (> 18 years old) from the general population who participated in the Norwegian Counties Public Health Survey…
Neurobiological signature of intimacy in anorexia nervosa
2019
Background Intimacy and psychosexual development represent core problems of anorexia nervosa (AN). Experiential and neurobiological evidence however is scarce. Material and methods Thirty-one female AN patients were compared with 35 non-patients (NP) and 22 recovered participants (REC) by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants viewed pictures of couples in intimate relationships and control stimuli. Results AN patients experienced intimate stimuli with lower valence and dominance. AN showed decreased activation of parietal cortices. NP decreased the prefrontal cortex response, which AN patients did not. REC participants did not differ from NP on a behavioural level, thoug…
The impact of exposure to images of ideally thin models in TV commercials on eating behavior: an experimental study with women diagnosed with bulimia…
2011
This study investigates whether eating behavior in women with diagnosed bulimia nervosa is influenced by prior exposure to images of ideally thin models. Twenty-six participants diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 30 normal controls (NC) were exposed to body-related and neutral TV commercials; then food that typically triggers binge eating was provided, and the amount of food eaten was measured. No significant difference for food intake between NC and BN could be found, but food intake for BN was predicted by the degree of thoughts related to eating behaviors during exposure to the thin ideal. No impact of general body image or eating pathology on food intake could be found. The results…
Myogenic temporomandibular disorders: Clinical systemic comorbidities in a female population sample
2016
Background Myogenic temporomandibular disorders (MTMD) frequently coexist with other clinical conditions in the same individual. In the last decades, several authors have analyzed these comorbidities looking for the origin of this overlapping. Objetives The aim of this study was to perform a comparative anaylisis between a group of patients with MTMD and a control group of dental patients without dysfunctional pathology to assess whether there are significant differences in the presence of systemic medical comorbidities between the two groups. Material and Methods Restrospective epidemiological analysis, based on medical questionnaires in a group of 31 patients, women, aged from 24 to 58 (a…
Psychological Approaches to Origins and Treatments of Somatoform Disorders
2010
Medically unexplained symptoms are the defining feature of somatoform disorders (SFD) as currently included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition. Cognitive, behavioral, biological, and social variables are important to our understanding of SFD. Research in the past decade has highlighted the central role of (a) prolonged attention allocation to bodily sensations, (b) the dysfunctional role of catastrophizing symptoms as signs of severe illness, (c) neuroendocrine alterations, and (d) the influence of illness behavior (e.g., the avoidance of physical activity) on the maintenance and chronici…
Self-Reported Cognitive Failures
2010
Investigated measurement models of self-report measures of cognitive failures in 5 studies (total of 3,122 participants aged 14-70). The Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) is a well-known and frequently used self-report measure of cognitive lapses and slips (e.g., throwing away the candy bar and keeping the wrapper). Measurement models of individual differences in cognitive failures have failed to produce consistent results so far. Therefore, in the present studies, the CFQ is compared to measures of competing measurement models: a measure of identical measurement intention (Short Inventory of Minor Lapses, SIML), a neuroticism test, a questionnaire on functional and dysfunctional self-c…
Sequential analyses in coercive mother-child interaction: the predictability hypothesis in abusive versus nonabusive dyads.
1999
Abstract Objective: A two-fold purpose guided the present study: 1) To test the sequential relationship between the child’s aversive behavior and both the predictability and the compliance episodes, as well as the sequential relationship between these two mothering episodes proposed by the new predictability hypothesis (Wahler, Williams, & Cerezo, 1990) ; 2) to explore whether or not these patterns are specific to these dysfunctional dyads by using a nonabusive comparison group. Method: Fifty mother-child dyads, 25 abusive and 25 nonabusive, participated in this study. Lag sequential analyses were carried out on 302 hours of direct observation, 178 hours in the abusive group, and 124 in the…
Plunging Into a Dark Sea of Emotions: Professionals' Emotional Experiences Addressing Child Abuse in Interviews With Children.
2019
Comprehending professionals’ emotional challenges when addressing child abuse can help to improve identification, protection, and care for exposed children. This study presents an interpretive description analysis of qualitative interviews with ten child protective services workers and nine child mental health services psychologists in Norway. The participants described intense negative reactions due to addressing child abuse during assessments and investigations. We identified five main themes: (a) facing children’s suffering caused by adults, (b) feeling mean, (c) doubting one’s ability and skills, (d) feeling that one is betraying children, and (e) being obstructed by heavy workload and…