Search results for "econometrics"

Stackelberg-Cournot and Cournot equilibria in a mixed markets exchange economy

2012

In this note, we compare two strategic general equilibrium concepts: the Stackelberg-Cournot equilibrium and the Cournot equilibrium. We thus consider a market exchange economy including atoms and a continuum of traders, who behave strategically. We show that, when the preferences of the small traders are represented by Cobb-Douglas utility functions and the atoms have the same utility functions and endowments, the Stackelberg-Cournot and the Cournot equilibrium equilibria coincide if and only if the followers’ best responses functions have a zero slope at the SCE.

An Estimative Model of Automated Valuation Method in Italy

2017

The Automated Valuation Method (AVM) is a computer software program that analyzes data using an automated process. It is related to the process of appraising an universe of real estate properties, using common data and standard appraisal methodologies. Generally, the AVM is based on quantitative models (statistical, mathematical, econometric, etc.), related to the valuation of the properties gathered in homogeneous groups (by use and location) for which are collected samples of market data. The real estate data are collected regularly and systematically. Within the AVM, the proposed valuation scheme is an uniequational model to value properties in terms of widespread availability of sample …

Goal Setting and Monetary Incentives: When Large Stakes Are Not Enough

2012

The aim of this paper is to test the effectiveness of wage-irrelevant goal setting policies in a laboratory environment. In our design, managers can assign a goal to their workers by setting a certain level of performance on the work task. We establish our theoretical conjectures by developing a model in which assigned goals act as reference points to workers’ intrinsic motivation. Consistent with our model, we find that managers set goals which are challenging but attainable for an average-ability worker. Workers respond to these goals by increasing effort, performance and by decreasing on-the-job leisure activities with respect to the no-goal setting baseline. Finally, we study the intera…

Applicability of the Poisson distribution to model the data of the German Children's Cancer Registry.

1995

Since 1980 the German Children's Cancer Registry has documented all childhood malignancies in the Federal Republic of Germany. Various statistical procedures have been proposed to identify municipalities or other geographic units with increased numbers of malignancies. Usually the Poisson distribution, which requires the malignancies to be distributed homogeneously and uncorrelated, is applied. Other discrete statistical distributions (so-called cluster distributions) like the generalized or compound Poisson distributions are applicable more generally. In this paper we present a first explorative approach to the question of whether it is necessary to use one of these cluster distributions t…

On the Computation of Symmetrized M-Estimators of Scatter

2016

This paper focuses on the computational aspects of symmetrized Mestimators of scatter, i.e. the multivariate M-estimators of scatter computed on the pairwise differences of the data. Such estimators do not require a location estimate, and more importantly, they possess the important block and joint independence properties. These properties are needed, for example, when solving the independent component analysis problem. Classical and recently developed algorithms for computing the M-estimators and the symmetrized M-estimators are discussed. The effect of parallelization is considered as well as new computational approach based on using only a subset of pairwise differences. Efficiencies and…

Methodological considerations for interrupted time series analysis in radiation epidemiology: an overview

2021

Interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) is a method that can be applied to evaluate health outcomes in populations exposed to ionizing radiation following major radiological events. Using aggregated time series data, ITSA evaluates whether the time trend of a health indicator shows a change associated with the radiological event. That is, ITSA checks whether there is a statistically significant discrepancy between the projection of a pre-event trend and the data empirically observed after the event. Conducting ITSA requires one to consider specific methodological issues due to unique threats to internal validity that make ITSA prone to bias. We here discuss the strengths and limitations of …

Response Determination Criteria for ELISPOT: Toward a Standard that Can Be Applied Across Laboratories

2011

ELISPOT assay readout is often dichomized as positive or negative responses according to prespecified criteria. However, these criteria can vary widely across institutions. The adoption of a common response criterion is a key step toward cross-laboratory comparability. This chapter describes the two main approaches to response determination, identifying the strengths and limitations of each. Nonparametric statistical tests and consideration of data quality are recommended and instructions provided for their ready implementation by nonstatisticians and statisticians alike.

Appendix C: Fundamentals of geostatistics

2008

Product Placement Bibliometric Study: Generic Journals Versus Specific-Communication Journals

2021

Media fragmentation represents new challenges for product placement strategies to become an increasingly effective way to reach consumers and non-users. In this frame, this paper has been developed with three main objectives: (i) to carry on a performance analysis to measure the visibility/impact of the scientific product in product placement (most cited authors, journals, and themes), (ii) to visually present the scientific structure by topics of research in product placement as well as its evolution to identify future research lines, and (iii) to compare both objectives in generic journals and specific communication ones. To this end, the resources in the Web of Science Citation Index wer…

Register data in sample allocations for small-area estimation

2018

The inadequate control of sample sizes in surveys using stratified sampling and area estimation may occur when the overall sample size is small or auxiliary information is insufficiently used. Very small sample sizes are possible for some areas. The proposed allocation based on multi-objective optimization uses a small-area model and estimation method and semi-collected empirical data annually collected empirical data. The assessment of its performance at the area and at the population levels is based on design-based sample simulations. Five previously developed allocations serve as references. The model-based estimator is more accurate than the design-based Horvitz–Thompson estimator and t…