Search results for "economic theory"
showing 10 items of 130 documents
Understanding the shortcomings of commodity-based technology in input-output models: an economic-circuit approach
2004
International audience; The Make-Use Model serves as a basis for most national accounting systems as the System of National Accounts (SNA) and is acknowledged as the most suitable model for interregional analysis. Two hypotheses are traditionally made featuring either industry-based technologies (IBT) or commodity-based technologies (CBT). While industry-based technologies can be easily interpreted in terms of a demand-driven economic circuit, it will be shown that: (1) commodity-based technologies cannot be interpreted as a demand-driven economic circuit because this involves computing the inverse of a matrix (the matrix of industry output proportions), which is either impossible or genera…
Note about the concept of ‘Net Multipliers'
2002
International audience; Net multipliers, as introduced by Oosterhaven and Stelder (2002) accept outputs as entries instead of final demand. They are found by multiplying ordinary multipliers by the final demand ratio over the sector's output. This pragmatic solution suffers from ratio instability over time. The alternative net multipliers proposed here are based on the interpretation of the Leontief inverse matrix for the effects generated at each round. The new solution is not sensitive to the size of impacts. Now net multiplier is equal to the corresponding ordinary multiplier minus one, and the ordering of multipliers is unchanged.
On Boolean topological methods of structural analysis
2001
The properties of Boolean methods of structural analysis are used to analyze the intern structure of linear or non linear models. Here they are studied on the particular example of qualitative methods of input-output analysis. First, it is shown that these methods generate informational problems like biases when working in money terms instead of percentages, losses of information, increasing of computation time, and so on. Second, considering three ways to do structural analysis, analysis from the inverse matrix, from the direct matrix and from layers (intermediate flow matrices), these methods induce topological problems; the adjacency of the adjacency cannot be defined from the inverse ma…
Can an unglamorous non-event affect prices? The role of newspapers
2016
AbstractOur paper offers evidence that the print media can affect stock prices by covering public information. After price-to-book value figures of Italian listed shares were first published on the major national financial newspaper, the prices of value stocks did, on average, show a positive reaction. The price reaction was limited to small caps stocks and disappeared within three weeks. Over the period of analysis, we could not find any abnormal behaviour of the returns of small and value stocks on other European markets. These findings support the view that newspapers play a role in disseminating information to small investors and grabbing their attention, even if news are continuously r…
Efecto Bullwhip y restricciones de capacidad productiva en las cadenas colaborativas
2008
El objetivo del presente artículo es profundizar en el análisis de Evans y Naim (1) sobre la relación entre la capacidad de limitada producción y el efecto bullwhip, y actualizarlo en función de las recientes configuraciones de cadenas de suministro colaborativas. Se analizan tres cadenas de suministro con capacidad de producción limitada: la misma cadena de suministro tradicional estudiada por Evans y Naim (1), una cadena EPOS (Exchange Point of Sales) y una cadena sincronizada. Se adopta un sistema de métricas para evaluar los beneficios de los nodos de la cadena medidos en términos de estabilidad de la orden de pedido, estabilidad de los inventarios, y robustez del sistema, y en términos…
On the consistency of the commodity-based technology in make-use model of production
2001
In the Stone make-use model, the industry-based technology is consistent because his solution can be explained in variational terms inside a circuit. However, the alternative model, the commodity-based technology, is not economically realistic: it never corresponds to a circuit, even if an exact solution can be found when the number of commodities is equal to the number of industries. This model hesitates between a supply-driven and a demand-driven model but when it is converted into a true supply-driven one, it retrieves a consistency.
Excessive vs. insufficient entry in spatial models: When product design and market size matter
2020
Abstract Under spatial product differentiation and product design, we identify conditions for either excessive or insufficient firm entry. We extend previous settings, based on the Salop circular model, to analyze the combined role of positive demand elasticity and endogenous targeted product design. First, we show that, given the number of firms, the equilibrium level of targeted design is either excessive or insufficient, depending on demand elasticity. Second, with free entry, we show that the degree of targeted product design increases with the relative market size and decreases with demand elasticity. Based on these effects, the interplay between demand elasticity and market size yield…
Proximity and distance in spatial economic theory
1997
La proximité entre des éléments d’un ensemble évoque une certaine similitude entre un ou plusieurs de leurs attributs. Elle peut, en général, être évaluée par une distance. L’article revient d’abord sur l’idée de distance, son rôle et les modalités de son expression. Ensuite, il présente diverses représentations formalisées, il expose les contraintes qu’elles imposent dans la représentation de l’espace. Enfin, dans la mesure où la proximité d’un lieu est souvent définie par rapport à un ensemble d’autres sites, on met en évidence le rôle du choix d’une représentation de la distance dans la détermination du lieu qui offre la proximité optimale et l’influence du critère à partir duquel est dé…
Qualitative methods of structural analysis : layer-based methods are informationally trivial
2000
Some methods of qualitative structural analysis, as MFA, are based on the analysis of layers (flow matrices generated at each iteration when the equilibrium of an input-output model is computed). MFA mixes the analysis of the pure structure of production (the technical coefficients) and of the final demand. I have demonstrated that all column-coefficient matrices (or row-coefficient matrices) computed from each layer are the same in MFA: the information brought by one layer is identical to those of another layer. For a given structure of production, the only element of variability over layers is caused by the flows that final demand generates.If the new definition of layers proposed by the …
Uso secuencial de herramientas de control de calidad en procesos productivos: una aplicación en el sector agroalimentario = Sequential use of quality…
2014
<p>Las diferentes herramientas del Control Estadístico de Calidad proporcionan mejores resultados si su uso se lleva a cabo de manera secuencial, facilitando la detección de los puntos débiles del proceso productivo. Así, en el presente estudio se expone un método de trabajo en el que se utilizan, atendiendo a la necesidad en cada punto de la cadena de producción, algunas de dichas herramientas. Concretamente se propone el uso del diagrama de flujo, gráfico de Pareto, hojas de comprobación, gráficos de control (en este caso gráfico p y gráfico de media-recorrido), así como el análisis de la varianza (ANOVA). El procedimiento se aplica a una empresa del sector agroalimentario, interesa…