Search results for "edge"
showing 10 items of 3866 documents
Having the Final Say: Machine Support of Ethical Decisions of Doctors
2014
Machines that support highly complex decisions of doctors have been a reality for almost half a century. In the 1950s, computer-supported medical diagnostic systems started with “punched cards in a shoe box”. In the 1960s and 1970s medicine was, to a certain extent, transformed into a quantitative science by intensive interdisciplinary research collaborations of experts from medicine, mathematics and electrical engineering; This was followed by a second shift in research on machine support of medical decisions from numerical probabilistic to knowledge based approaches. Solutions of the later form came to be known as (medical) expert systems, knowledge based systems research or Artificial In…
Background questionnaires of PISA : a study of the assessment indicators
2016
El sistema de evaluación de PISA ha generado y continúa generando intensos debates sobre su estructura y utilidad. Este artículo se centra en los cuestionarios de contexto, como forma de analizar y entender de manera adecuada los resultados. Los objetivos son analizar los indicadores de contexto que se utilizan en las distintas ediciones de las pruebas PISA, su utilización en distintos estudios y en los resultados de estos estudios. Se proporciona una visión general del modelo utilizado para conseguir que estos indicadores dejen de ser algo que acompaña a las prueba de rendimiento para que alcancen su verdadero sentido: analizar conjuntamente el rendimiento junto con las variables que…
Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Videotaped Data for Fire Emergency Response
2016
During search and rescue (SAR) operations, information plays a significant role in empowering the emergency response personnel at various levels. But, understanding the information which is being shared between/among emergency personnel is necessary to improve current coordination systems. However, such systems can help the first responders to gain/increase their situational awareness and coordination. Moreover, there is still the lack of automatic and intelligent tools that can contribute to structure, categorize, and visualize the communicated content that occur during SAR operations. Therefore, in this paper, we present the concept of such analysis by using the qualitative methodology an…
Shaping the firm's external search strategy
2014
This paper explores the determinants of external knowledge search strategies, specifically, exploitative and exploratory search. The literature emphasizes environmental context and technological resources, especially R&D, as important determinants of the search strategy. In this paper we focus on two types of the firm's formal structure: formalized and decentralized structures. The study uses survey data from the ceramic tile industry in Spain. The results show that a competitive environment and a decentralized organizational structure play a role in shaping the firm's external search strategy, but that R&D has no effect. We find that competition inhibits exploratory search, while a decentr…
Contributions Regarding the Utilization of Neural Networks in SME's Management
2014
Due to the fact that there isnt a clear definition of the terms neural network" and "neuronal network" [1,2], the current paper aims to establish it by a range of comparative research. With the help of some charts, based on the structure of some SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises), the parts that define the structure of the neuron will be compared with the general structure of an organization, in order to reproduce the neuron in the structuring level of an organization and give a meaning to the term of "organizational neuron. Sometimes it is necessary to take managerial decisions under uncertainty and / or risk, so any method that gives forecasting information to the manager is welcome [3,4…
A Happy Marriage: Academia, Professional and Scientific Associations
2015
This paper advocates for a greater integration between Higher education and Professional and Scientific Associations (PSAs). With the development and adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the costs associated with the collection, storage, processing and transmission of information have been reduced. Eventually, the supply of information has boomed. However, more does not necessarily imply better. Free online resources can enhance the learning process, but the lack of quality controls is still a major concern. Additionally, learning demands some degree of organisation and structure. We argue that Higher education can potentially benefit from a closer relationship wit…
Interactions between contingency, organizational IT factors, and ERP success
2009
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of some organizational information technology (IT) factors (i.e. IT assets, employees' IT skills, IT resources, and satisfaction with legacy IT systems) and their interacting effects with two contingency factors (i.e. organization's size and structure) on enterprise resource planning (ERP) system success.Design/methodology/approachSurveys were conducted in two European countries. Respondents came from diverse, private, and industrial organizations. Relevant hypotheses were developed and tested using a structural equation modeling technique.FindingsThe analysis supported – partially or fully – six of the eight hypotheses formulated. F…
Integration of Pedagogical Knowledge in the Light of Questions about the Empirical Foundations of General Pedagogy and Understanding of the Concept o…
2018
The main purpose of the article is to show that the studies undertaken by pedagogues, regarding both the experimental foundations of pedagogy and generality, have some common points and that an in-depth reflection on those issues highlights the postulate to treat pedagogical knowledge in an integral manner. The first part presents the relationship between the issue of the empirical foundations of pedagogy and the problems of integrity of pedagogical knowledge; the second part – the relationship between the concept of generality and the problems of integrity, and the concluding part presents a proposed understanding of general pedagogy as integral pedagogy in which the approach towards both …
Developing an Understanding of Organisational Knowledge Creation: A Review Framework
2017
The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the dimensions of organisational knowledge creation. To this end, the literature from numerous bodies of research is reviewed. Over the past 20 years, the literature on organisational knowledge creation has significantly grown and advanced. Many new and conflicting terminologies have evolved to shed more light on the subject. As a result, there are overlaps and conflicts in the literature. The framework suggested in this paper is therefore considered to be a useful means to structure further research on the subject. This paper presents an extensive review of the organisational knowledge creation literature as well as an overview of…
Groups are not always the same
1993
The idea of supporting group meetings at the same time and at the same place by computer raises the problem of how salient features of group behaviors are understood in meetings. In this paper we take a critical look at several beliefs about group behaviors in research dealing with electronic meeting systems (EMS). The paper argues based on an empirical study that the concept of a small, cohesive business team, so widely held, in all EMS research is not necessarily a valid starting point in thinking of meeting support. In particular, the paper critically evaluates a number of beliefs of user aspects, group features such as composition, structure and protocols, and task characteristics such …