Search results for "editing"
showing 10 items of 94 documents
Midbiotics : conjugative plasmids for genetic engineering of natural gut flora
2019
ABSTRACTThe possibility to modify gut bacterial flora has become an important goal, and various approaches are used to achieve desirable communities. However, the genetic engineering of existing microbes in the gut, which are already compatible with the rest of the community and host immune system, has not received much attention. Here, we discuss and experimentally evaluate the possibility to use modified and mobilizable CRISPR-Cas9-endocing plasmid as a tool to induce changes in bacterial communities. This plasmid system (briefly midbiotic) is delivered from bacterial vector into target bacteria via conjugation. Compared to, for example, bacteriophage-based applications, the benefits of c…
Towards a digital model to edit the different paratextuality levels within a textual tradition
2008
In the textual tradition of a literary work, our sources (manuscripts, printed books etc.) commonly bear, together with the "main text", different kinds of "paratexts" commenting on it (including interlinear annotations, glosses, scholia, footnotes, modern scholarly introductions and commentaries, and many others). This article proposes a unified model for a document-based digital critical edition including both the 'main texts' and the 'paratexts' as they appear in different single sources. The problematic aspects of such an "enlarged" digital edition are discussed, including the relations between the different 'paratexts' and the 'main text' they refer to 'within each single textual sourc…
Algunas consideraciones bioéticas y jurídicas acerca de la Declaración de Ginebra sobre edición del genoma humano hereditario a la vista de las Decla…
2021
[ES] La reciente Declaración de Ginebra sobre edición del genoma humano denuncia la posición central que han ocupado tanto la Ciencia como la Bioética hasta la fecha, afirmando que ambas mantienen una posición decididamente favorable respecto a esta bioingeniería, y todo lo cual pone de manifiesto la acuciante necesidad de reorientar el debate hacia el campo del Derecho. El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar pormenorizadamente las consideraciones vertidas en este documento, formulando interrogantes sobre algunas de ellas, y poniendo en valor la conveniencia de articular un consenso multidisciplinar encabezado por los derechos humanos, en particular, de aquellos grupos más vulnerabl…
Le projet TALIE : présentation et questionnements
2015
International audience
John Edgar Wideman, lecteur-archiviste de Frantz Fanon
2017
This article intends to read Fanon, a Novel, written in 2008 by John Edgar Wideman, as an attempt to decolonize the archive, more specifically the Fanonian archive. Rather than trying to exhume the legacy of the Martiniquan thinker, the novel proposes to set Fanon’s thought in motion, allowing it to unfold before the reader’s eyes. Thus summoned up, the archive assumes an eminently political role. No longer an origin in a teleological narrative, it can only be apprehended by a text that deliberately practices generic blurring and intermingling as a mode of writing. In Fanon, a Novel, the intersection between fiction and the archive serves as a productive space where national and colonial gr…
Żydzi w dyskursie Kościoła katolickiego
2016
Jews in the discourse of the Catholic Church The article describes the most important changes which appeared after the Second Vatican Council in the discourse of the Catholic Church in reference to its attitude to confessors of Judaism. The change is the difference between the state of texts in two different moments, which is why the first part of the article is dedicated to the characteristics of pre-Council (and mostly pre-war) discourse about Jews, and the second part to main directions of the changes caused by the realization of the Council postulates. The third part shows indications of the continuation of old, deep-rooted schemes. The analysis partly concerns texts of the Church world…
Neoantigens Generated by Individual Mutations and Their Role in Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
2017
Recent preclinical and clinical studies have proved the long-standing hypothesis that tumors elicit adaptive immune responses and that the antigens driving effective T-cell response are neoantigens, i.e., peptides that are generated from somatically mutated genes. Hence, the characterization of neoantigens and the identification of the immunogenic ones are of utmost importance for improving cancer immunotherapy and broadening its efficacy to a larger fraction of patients. In this review, we first introduce the methods used for the quantification of neoantigens using next-generation sequencing data and then summarize results obtained using these tools to characterize the neoantigen landscape…
Concevoir un living book en sciences humaines et sociales : retour d’expérience
2020
The “living book”, a new format from the Life Sciences, made it possible to take stock of a subject, to highlight a corpus of images, an advanced research and a bibliography. This hybrid, Web-oriented format is re-positioning the producer, the user and the technology. In a simple, lean and rigorous apparatus, it allows to organise a diverse and growing mass of documentation (texts, images, audio, websites). It proposes new ways of writing (collaboration, short texts, summaries) and structuring the contents. It promotes networking and contacts with libraries and museums while drawing attention to formats, licences and rights. It suggests individualised reading paths, reaching diverse audienc…
Is HLA type a possible cancer risk modifier in Lynch syndrome?
2022
Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common inherited cancer syndrome. It is inherited via a monoallelic germline variant in one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. LS carriers have a broad 30-80% risk of developing various malignancies, and more precise, individual risk estimations would be of high clinical value, allowing tailored cancer prevention and surveillance. Due to MMR deficiency, LS cancers are characterized by the accumulation of frameshift mutations leading to highly immunogenic frameshift peptides (FSPs). Thus, immune surveillance is proposed to inhibit the outgrowth of MMR-deficient cell clones. Recent studies have shown that immunoediting during the evolution of MMR-deficient…
Induction of body weight loss through RNAi-knockdown of APOBEC1 gene expression in transgenic rabbits
2014
In the search of new strategies to fight against obesity, we targeted a gene pathway involved in energy uptake. We have thus investigated the APOB mRNA editing protein (APOBEC1) gene pathway that is involved in fat absorption in the intestine. The APOB gene encodes two proteins, APOB100 and APOB48, via the editing of a single nucleotide in the APOB mRNA by the APOBEC1 enzyme. The APOB48 protein is mandatory for the synthesis of chylomicrons by intestinal cells to transport dietary lipids and cholesterol. We produced transgenic rabbits expressing permanently and ubiquitously a small hairpin RNA targeting the rabbit APOBEC1 mRNA. These rabbits exhibited a moderately but significantly reduced …