Search results for "effet"
showing 10 items of 524 documents
The Mechanics of Progress in Education: Evidence from Cross-Country Data
1998
The document examines first the relationship between a number of indicators concerning a country system of education (global and per-pupil public resources by level of schooling, education coverage, quality of educational outcomes, efficiency in student flow, external efficiency, equity by gender and in resource allocation, ..) and and its environment (overall sector context, demographic pressure fiscal, capacity, structure of employment, ..) on the one hand, its level of economic development on the other. The paper analyzes how the economic development affects the amount of resources mobilized for the sector with the finding that the main source of resources lies in the decrease of the tea…
Social Inequalities in the French Education System : The Joint Effect of Individual and Contextual Factors
2000
This paper presents a synthetic picture of social inequalities in pupils' scholastic careers in France. Individual factors such as socio-economic backgroun remain important for both academic results from the beginning of schooling on and option and streaming choices at the secondary level. Moreover, families have unequal resources to manage their children's schooling careers in a system which is becoming more complex and decentralized. This means that contextual factors are also very important. Decentralization has in fact increased the importance of choice of schooling context : the class or the school attented does make a difference and this has the effect of widening social gaps in acade…
Demand for Primary Schooling in Rural Mali : Should User Fees Be Increased ?
1996
International audience; This paper presents estimates of the price elasticity of demand for primary schooling, using household and school survey data from rural Mali. The elasticity of enrolment with respect to the local school fee is compared with the effects on enrolment of distance to the school and various indicators of school quality, including books per classroom and the number of grades offered. Fees have a negative effect; however, certain improvements in school quality could easily offset in terms of enrolment any negative effect of higher fees to finance such improvements. For example, the astonishingly low average of two books per classroom could be doubled for a 10 per cent incr…
Les modèles multiniveaux dans l'analyse écologique : le cas de la recherche en éducation
1997
Multilevel analysis are a recent development of mathematical modelling, adapted to the problem of ecological analysis in social sciences, in other words capable of producing the effects of surroundings on individuals' behaviour. One of the ideal fields for multilevel analysis is in the educational sector, where students' learning takes place in particular class and on particular premises. This article is concerned with a comparison between the classical treatment and the multilevel treatment of the problem of ecological analysis, from both a theorical and an empirical results point of view.
La vulgarisation scientifique et les doctorants : mesure de l'engagement, exploration d'effets sur le chercheur
2018
We ask two questions: what are the factors that influence researchers’ public engagement activities (PEA)? And what are the impacts of these activities on the researcher? After presenting a historical overview of PEA, we analyze 20 surveys carried out between 1967 and 2014. We identify some global trends: PEA is generally positively perceived, researcher’s engagement is occasional but robust. Besides those trends some differences appear between studies based on theoretical models and empirical studies: the latter report complaints such as lack of time or lack of recognition, whereas theoretical-based ones challenge these statements.To further explore our two questions, we used two approache…
L’Effet Hamlet: une dégénérescence transformationnelle?
2022
Max a enfermé Tom dans la cave does not specify whether Tom was in the cellar before being locked up or not. This article shows how this semantic indeterminacy, highlighted and called Effet Hamlet by Jean-Paul Boons in the late seventies, should perhaps be considered a fall-out of syn- tactic transformational processes.
Dynamique induite par champ laser femtoseconde intense : alignement moléculaire en milieu gazeux dense et effet Kerr
2011
This thesis is devoted to the study of dynamics induced by intense femtoseconds lasers pulses. The first studied dynamics deals with molecular alignment of CO2-X mixtures (X=CO2, Ar, N2), in dense gases (up to 20 bar). Up to now, this regime has never been studied experimentally. In the field-free regime (after laser/matter interaction), molecular alignment exhibits two components : a permanent alignment and a transient one. The influence of collisions appears through population transfers between rotational states, which leads to a decrease of these two contributions. Permanent alignment relaxation time is only tied to inelastics collisions whereas transient alignment relaxation time is tie…
Essay on the integration of interactions in the treatment effect evaluation : the contribution of spatial econometrics methods
2015
This thesis focuses on the integration of interactions in the estimation of the public policy’s effect. Indeed, the estimation standard methods usually rely on strong assumptions that exclude partially or completely the interaction effect both in the selection process of beneficiaries and in the performance of the policy. However, the validity of these assumptions is questionable, particularly in the context of a non-experimental policy because an individual according as it is the beneficiary or not the policy, is not isolated: he interacts with his neighborhood. Thus, the estimated effect of the policy by traditional methods is likely to be biased (underestimation or overestimation) theref…