Search results for "efficiency."
showing 10 items of 1362 documents
The European Standards for Energy Efficiency in Buildings: an analysis of the Evolution with Reference to a Case Study
2019
The improvement of the energy efficiency of building stocks represents an important contribution for the reduction of the energy consumption in the European Union (EU), along with the decrease of greenhouse gases emissions. In this aim both the public administrations and the technical experts need reliable calculation methodology to assess buildings’ energy performance. In this framework, despite the recent publication of the Standard EN ISO 52016, that deeply modifies the approach to the energy building simulation by introducing a new hourly dynamic calculation model, the current normative framework (EN ISO 13790) will maintain its validity until the incorporation of the new Standard in th…
Sexes in gynodioeciousGeranium sylvaticumdo not differ in their isotopic signature or photosynthetic capacity
2017
• In gynodioecious plants, females are expected to produce more or better seeds than hermaphrodites in order to be maintained within the same population. Even though rarely measured, higher seed production can be achieved through differences in physiology. • In this work, we measured sexual dimorphism in several physiological traits in the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductivity, transpiration rate, water use efficiency and isotopic signatures were measured in plants growing in two habitats differing in light availability. • Females have been reported to produce more seeds than hermaphrodites. However, we did not observe any significant difference…
Evidence of a sudden increase in the nuclear size of proton-rich silver-96
2021
Understanding the evolution of the nuclear charge radius is one of the long-standing challenges for nuclear theory. Recently, density functional theory calculations utilizing Fayans functionals have successfully reproduced the charge radii of a variety of exotic isotopes. However, difficulties in the isotope production have hindered testing these models in the immediate region of the nuclear chart below the heaviest self-conjugate doubly-magic nucleus 100Sn, where the near-equal number of protons (Z) and neutrons (N) lead to enhanced neutron-proton pairing. Here, we present an optical excursion into this region by crossing the N = 50 magic neutron number in the silver isotopic chain with th…
Full-scale validation of bio-recycled asphalt mixtures for road pavements
2019
Abstract Recycling of asphalt has become a well-established practice in many countries, however the road pavement industry remains a bulk consumer of extracted raw materials. Novel solutions that find root in circular economy concepts and life-cycle approaches are needed in order to enable optimisation of infrastructure resource efficiency, starting from the design stage and spanning the whole value chain in the construction sector. Itis within this framework that the present study presents a full-scale validation of asphalt mixtures specifically designed to ensure durability of flexible road pavements and at the same time enabling the reuse of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) through the i…
Cascaded H-Bridges Multilevel Inverter Drive: Active Power Analysis in Frequency Domain
2022
The international standard IEC 61800-9-2 introduces energy efficiency classification for frequency converters or complete drive module (CDM) and provides instrumentation minimum requirements for accurate measurement of CDM input and output power valid for conventional pulse-width-modulated (PWM) voltage source inverter (VSI). This paper highlights the necessary improvements to update the standard with more detailed prescriptions according to the converter topologies and the modulation techniques adopted. In this framework, this paper address the power analysis in the frequency domain of a cascaded H-bridges-multilevel inverter (CHBMI) in an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM…
Experimental Evaluation of Dead-Time Impacts on the Efficiency and THD for a Three-Phase Five-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter
2022
Cascaded H-Bridges Multilevel Inverter (CHBMI) is a fascinating solution for optimization purposes in several application fields. The CHBMI performance optimization can be reached both with hardware and software solutions. In detail, the CHBMI performances are a function of the modulation strategy adopted and its parameters such as modulation index, switching frequency, and dead time. This paper presents performance experimental analysis on dead time effects on CHBMI performance in terms of harmonic distortion and conversion efficiency. In this analysis, two different modulation strategies have been considered and implemented. The paper focuses on modulation strategies implemented, the test…
Electrical energy analysis and potential environmental improvements of sheet metal punching processes
2013
Discrete part manufacturing processes, in particular non-conventional production processes, are still poorly documented in terms of environmental footprint. Within the separating processes, sheet metal punching processes have not been analyzed yet from environmental point of view. The present paper aims to contribute to filling this knowledge gap. In particular, two different punching machine tool architectures were analyzed. Following the previously developed CO2PE methodological approach, power studies and a preliminary time study have been performed in order to understand the contribution of each sub-unit towards the total energy demand. The influence of the most relevant process paramet…
Reducing energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in European countries: a review on legal environment and increasing use of photovoltaic energy for Ele…
2010
In Europe, the building sector is ranked second in terms of CO2 emissions, just after transport. Particularly, it accounts for 25% of the overall CO2 emissions. Moreover, in order to reduce CO2 emissions, European legislations encourage the use of renewable energies and, among them, particularly the use of PhotoVoltaic (PV) one. This because the connection between the use of PV clean energy and the reduction of CO2 emission is well demonstrated. In this context, the first part of the paper is focused on the regulations related to building energy efficiency while the second part investigates the deployment of PV source all over Europe.
EFFICIENCY AND JUSTICE IN EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW
2008
Abstract: In the last century, refl ections on contract law have been almost entirely dominated by classical contract theory and laissez–faire ideology, while open considerations of effi ciency and justice have played a marginal role. The rise of European contract law has gradually led to the abandonment of traditional arguments typical of national private laws and has sparked a growing debate on effi ciency and justice. This trend does not always contribute to the quality of the debate, as it is often ideologically polarized between ‘right wing’ arguments pleading in favour of marketoriented polices and ‘left wing’ arguments in support of consumers’ rights, both proposing solutions inspir…
A comparative study on campus sustainability in higher education sector in Hong Kong and Finland
2015
This thesis presents a comparative study examining the practices of campus sustainability in Higher Education Sectors between Hong Kong and Finland. Campus sustainability is a trend during the last decade as a result of numerous declarations and meetings for sustainable development in Higher education all over the world. In this thesis, the investigated areas are focused on environmental sustainability and Social sustainability. This study used the content analysis method to analyze public available documents from the selected fifteen Higher education institutions in Hong Kong and Finland. The first stage was a description of the current overall situations of campus sustainability in the tw…