Search results for "electron"

showing 10 items of 24810 documents

Three-dimensional bimetallic octacyanidometalates $[M^{IV}{(\mu-CN)_{4}Mn^{II}(H_{2}O)_2}_2 \cdot 4H_{2}O]_{n}$ (M=Nb,Mo,W) : synthesis, single-cryst…

2008

Abstract We report the synthesis, the single-crystal X-ray crystallographic structures and the magnetic properties of three new isostructural cyanido-bridged networks: [M IV {(μ-CN) 4 Mn II (H 2 O) 2 } 2 ·4H 2 O] n [M IV  = Nb IV ( 1 ), Mo IV ( 2 ), W IV ( 3 )]. For compound 1 , the magnetic properties reveal a ferrimagnetic phase below 50 K. In contrast, compounds 2 and 3 show a paramagnetic behaviour with no magnetic ordering down to 2 K. The only electronic difference between the two kinds of compounds is the presence of two paired electrons on Mo IV ( 2 ) and W IV ( 3 ) (d 2 electronic configuration, S  = 0) with no possible exchange interactions with Mn II ions (d 5 electronic configur…

magnetic exchange interactionMagnetismGeneral Chemical Engineering010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesMagnetizationParamagnetismcrystal structuresunpaired electronsstructure cristallineAntiferromagnetismIsostructural010405 organic chemistryChemistrymolecule-based magnetsGeneral Chemistrypont cyanure3. Good health0104 chemical sciencesCrystallographycyanido bridgeUnpaired electronoctacyanométallatesoctacyanidometalatesCurie temperatureinteraction d'échange magnétiqueelectronscélibatairesaimants à précurseurs moléculairesMolecule-based magnets
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Experimental evidence on microwave induced electron losses from ECRIS plasma

2018

The balance between warm and hot (>1 keV) electron density and their losses from the magnetic confinement system of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) plasma is considered to be one of the main factors determining the rate of the high charge state ion production. One of the key loss channels for heated electrons is thought to be induced by the injected microwaves. While this loss mechanism, referred to as rf-induced pitch angle scattering, has been studied theoretically and with computational tools, direct experimental evidence of its significance in minimum-B ECRIS plasmas remains limited. In this work, experimental evidence of microwave induced electron losses in the axial…

magnetic mirrorsElectron densityelectrorheological fluidsAtmospheric-pressure plasma7. Clean energy01 natural scienceselectromagnetic radiationElectron cyclotron resonance010305 fluids & plasmassähkömagneettinen säteilyMagnetic mirrormikroaallotion sources0103 physical sciencesplasma (kaasut)010302 applied physicsPhysicsplasma confinementta114Magnetic confinement fusionPlasmaCondensed Matter Physicselectronic structureIon sourcePlasma diagnosticsAtomic physicsPhysics of Plasmas
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Influence of axial mirror ratios on the kinetic instability threshold in electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma

2022

International audience; Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source plasmas are prone to kinetic instabilities. The onset of the instabilities manifests as emission of microwaves, bursts of electrons expelled from the plasma volume, and the collapse of the extracted highly charged ion (HCI) currents. Consequently, the instabilities limit the HCI performance of ECR ion sources by limiting the parameter space available for ion source optimization. Previous studies have shown that the transition from stable to unstable plasma regime is strongly influenced by the magnetic field structure, especially the minimum field value inside the magnetic trap (Bmin). This work focuses to study the role o…

magnetic mirrorsplasma confinementsyklotronit[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph]plasma heatingplasma instabilitieshiukkaskiihdyttimetelectron energy distribution functionsplasmafysiikkaCondensed Matter Physicsion sourcesPhysics::Plasma Physicscyclotron resonanceions and propertiesplasma (kaasut)
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Immobilized Pd on magnetic nanoparticles bearing proline as a highly efficient and retrievable Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst in aqueous media

2015

A magnetically retrievable nanocatalyst was evaluated for amicrowave assisted Suzuki–Miyaura reaction in aqueous media.Excellent yields and conversions were obtained with low Pd loadings(down to 0.01 mol% Pd). It was stable up to 6 months in waterunder aerobic conditions and efficiency remained unaltered evenafter 7 repeated cycles. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

magnetic nanoparticlesProlineMetal Nanoparticles010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesMicrowave assistedCatalysisCatalysisSuzuki-MiyauraInorganic ChemistryMagneticsMicroscopy Electron Transmission[CHIM]Chemical SciencesOrganic chemistryProlineMetal nanoparticlesComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSAqueous medium010405 organic chemistryChemistryWaterPd loadings0104 chemical sciencesMagnetic nanoparticlesPalladiumNuclear chemistryDalton Transactions
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Folate targeted coated SPIONs as efficient tool for MRI

2017

The development of more sensitive diagnostic tools allowing an early-stage and highly efficient medical imaging of tumors remains a challenge. Magnetic nanoparticles seem to be the contrast agents with the highest potential, if properly constructed. Therefore, in this study, hybrid magnetic nanoarchitectures were developed using a new amphiphilic inulin-based graft copolymer (INU-LAPEG-FA) as coating material for 10-nm spinel iron oxide (magnetite, Fe3O4) superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPION). Folic acid (FA) covalently linked to the coating copolymer in order to be exposed onto the nanoparticle surface was chosen as the targeting agent because folate receptors are upregulated in many can…

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Materials sciencecancer targetingfolic acid (FA)NanoparticleNanotechnology02 engineering and technologyengineering.material010402 general chemistryDiagnostic tools01 natural sciencesCoatingsuperparamagnetic spinel iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)AmphiphilemedicineGeneral Materials ScienceElectrical and Electronic Engineeringinulin copolymermedicine.diagnostic_testMagnetic resonance imaging021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and Optics0104 chemical sciencesMagnetic hyperthermiaFolic acidengineeringMagnetic nanoparticlesMaterials Science (all)0210 nano-technologyhuman activities
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Chiral Magneto-Electrochemistry

2018

Magneto-electrochemistry (MEC) is a unique paradigm in science, where electrochemical experiments are carried out as a function of an applied magnetic field, creating a new horizon of potential scientific interest and technological applications. Over time, detailed understanding of this research domain was developed to identify and rationalize the possible effects exerted by a magnetic field on the various microscopic processes occurring in an electrochemical system. Notably, until a few years ago, the role of spin was not taken into account in the field of magneto-electrochemistry. Remarkably, recent experimental studies reveal that electron transmission through chiral molecules is spin se…

magneto-electrochemistryMaterials scienceField (physics)chirality02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistryElectrochemistryspin01 natural scienceslcsh:ChemistryMaterials Chemistrymagneto-electrochemistry; CISS; spin; chirality; spin-dependent electrochemistryPhysics::Chemical PhysicsMagnetoSpin-½Condensed matter physicsHorizon021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0104 chemical sciencesElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsMagnetic fieldlcsh:QD1-999FerromagnetismChemistry (miscellaneous)spin-dependent electrochemistryElectrode0210 nano-technologyCISS
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Toolbox for Distance Estimation and Cluster Validation on Data With Missing Values

2022

Missing data are unavoidable in the real-world application of unsupervised machine learning, and their nonoptimal processing may decrease the quality of data-driven models. Imputation is a common remedy for missing values, but directly estimating expected distances have also emerged. Because treatment of missing values is rarely considered in clustering related tasks and distance metrics have a central role both in clustering and cluster validation, we developed a new toolbox that provides a wide range of algorithms for data preprocessing, distance estimation, clustering, and cluster validation in the presence of missing values. All these are core elements in any comprehensive cluster analy…

mallintaminenGeneral Computer Sciencedistance estimation020209 energyGeneral Engineeringlaatu02 engineering and technologyTK1-9971missing valuesklusteritkoneoppiminendatavalidointialgoritmit0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering020201 artificial intelligence & image processingGeneral Materials ScienceMissing valuesElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringcluster validationtietojenkäsittelyclusteringIEEE Access
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Modeling optical constants from the absorption of organic thin films using a modified Lorentz oscillator model

2022

Optical constants of organic thin films can be evaluated using the Lorentz oscillator model (LOM) which fails to fit inhomogeneously broadened absorption of highly concentrated molecular films. In modified LOM (MLOM), the inhomogeneous broadening is implemented through a frequency-dependent adjustable broadening function. In this work, we evaluate the optical constants of rhodamine 6G doped poly-vinyl alcohol thin films with varying doping concentration (including also extensively high concentrations) using MLOM, which outperforms LOM by showing a better agreement with the experimental results. Our proposed method provides a way to accurately determine optical constants of isotropic organic…

mallintaminenLIMITATIONSväriaineetDIELECTRIC FUNCTIONdouppaus (puolijohdetekniikka)116 Chemical sciencesDIANHYDRIDEohutkalvotoptiset ominaisuudetpolymeeritElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materials
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Molecular dynamics simulations of heavy ion induced defects in SiC Schottky diodes

2018

Heavy ion irradiation increases the leakage current in reverse-biased SiC Schottky diodes. This letter demonstrates, via molecular dynamics simulations, that a combination of bias and ion-deposited energy is required to produce the degradation. Peer reviewed

mallintaminenMaterials sciencePOWER DIODESSchottky diodesSINGLE-EVENT BURNOUT114 Physical sciences01 natural sciencesIonpower semiconductor devicesBARRIER DIODESTHERMAL-DAMAGEchemistry.chemical_compoundMolecular dynamicspuolijohteetsilicon carbide0103 physical sciencesSilicon carbideIrradiationElectrical and Electronic EngineeringSafety Risk Reliability and Quality010302 applied physicsta114ta213ionit010308 nuclear & particles physicsbusiness.industryionisoiva säteilyINORGANIC INSULATORSSchottky diodemodelingHeavy ion irradiationIRRADIATIONElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialschemistryionsOptoelectronicsDegradation (geology)Heavy ionbusinession radiation effectsIEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability
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Modeling the atomic and electronic structure of nanoparticle-ligand interfaces

2013

mallintaminenaurinkokennotalumiinioksidinanohiukkasetsimulointiliganditelectronic structuretitaanidioksidikulta
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