Search results for "electronics"

showing 10 items of 4340 documents

Electro-optic control of photographic imaging quality through ‘Smart Glass’ windows in optics demonstrations

2017

An experimental setup allowing the modeling of conditions in optical devices and in the eye at various degrees of scattering such as cataract pathology in human eyes is presented. The scattering in cells of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) and 'Smart Glass' windows is used in the modeling experiments. Both applications are used as optical obstacles placed in different positions of the optical information flow pathway either directly on the stimuli demonstration computer screen or mounted directly after the image-formation lens of a digital camera. The degree of scattering is changed continuously by applying an AC voltage of up to 30–80 V to the PDLC cell. The setup uses a camera wi…

Image formationPoint spread functionPhysicsbusiness.product_categorybusiness.industryScatteringPhysics::OpticsGeneral Physics and Astronomy02 engineering and technology021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyLaser01 natural scienceslaw.invention010309 opticsLens (optics)Opticslaw0103 physical sciencesOptoelectronicsFocal length0210 nano-technologybusinessDigital cameraDiodeEuropean Journal of Physics
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Low Complexity Image Compression using Pruned 8-point DCT Approximation in Wireless Visual Sensor Networks

2017

International audience; Since the transmission of the uncompressed image in the context of wireless visual sensor networks (WVSNs) consumes less energy than transmitting the compressed image, developing energy-aware compression algorithms are mandatory to extend the camera node's lifetime and thereby the whole network lifetime. The present paper studies a low-complexity image compression algorithm in the context of WVSNs. This algorithm consists of applying a pruning approach on a DCT approximation transform. The scheme is investigated in terms of computation cycles, processing time, energy consumption and image quality. Experimental works are conducted using the Atmel Atmega128 processor o…

Image qualityComputer scienceReal-time computingTransform02 engineering and technology[MATH] Mathematics [math]low-complexity algorithmspruned 8-point DCT0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringDiscrete cosine transform[MATH]Mathematics [math]CosineTransform codingapproximate DCTenergy conservation020208 electrical & electronic engineeringEnergy consumptionpruning approach[SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronicsimage compression[SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/ElectronicsUncompressed videoWVSNsDiscrete020201 artificial intelligence & image processingWireless sensor networkData compressionImage compression
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Heavy-Ion Radiation Impact on a 4 Mb FRAM Under Different Test Modes and Conditions

2016

International audience; The impact of heavy-ions on commercial Ferroelectric Memories (FRAMs) is analyzed. The influence of dynamic and static test modes as well as several stimuli on the error rate of this memory is investigated. Static test results show that the memory is prone to temporary effects occurring in the peripheral circuitry, with a possible effect due to fluence. Dynamic tests results show a high sensitivity of this memory to switching activity of this peripheral circuitry.

ImaginationNuclear and High Energy PhysicsHeavy ion radiationMaterials science130 nmmedia_common.quotation_subject[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]01 natural sciencesFluence[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]0103 physical sciencesStatic testingSensitivity (control systems)Electrical and Electronic Engineeringradiation testingSimulationmedia_common010302 applied physicssingle event upset (SEU)ta114ta213010308 nuclear & particles physicsbusiness.industrymultiple cell upset (MCU)FerroelectricityNon-volatile memoryRadiation testingFRAM130nm technologyNuclear Energy and EngineeringOptoelectronicsbusinessstatic and dynamic mode testingIEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
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Revisiting Current Concepts on the Tolerogenicity of Steady-State Dendritic Cell Subsets and Their Maturation Stages

2021

Abstract The original concept stated that immature dendritic cells (DC) act tolerogenically whereas mature DC behave strictly immunogenically. Meanwhile, it is also accepted that phenotypically mature stages of all conventional DC subsets can promote tolerance as steady-state migratory DC by transporting self-antigens to lymph nodes to exert unique functions on regulatory T cells. We propose that in vivo 1) there is little evidence for a tolerogenic function of immature DC during steady state such as CD4 T cell anergy induction, 2) all tolerance as steady-state migratory DC undergo common as well as subset-specific molecular changes, and 3) these changes differ by quantitative and qualitati…

Immunity CellularSteady state (electronics)Cd4 t cellImmunologyModels ImmunologicalAutoimmunityCell DifferentiationDendritic CellsDendritic cellBiologyT-Lymphocytes RegulatoryCell biologyCell MovementImmune ToleranceAnimalsHumansImmunology and AllergyFunction (biology)The Journal of Immunology
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Gold Nanoparticle Growth Monitored in situ Using a Novel Fast Optical Single-Particle Spectroscopy Method

2007

Size- and shape-dependent optical properties of gold nanorods allow monitoring their growth using a novel fast single-particle spectroscopy (fastSPS) method. FastSPS uses a spatially addressable electronic shutter based on a liquid crystal device to investigate particles randomly deposited on a substrate, orders of magnitude faster than other techniques. We use fastSPS to observe nanoparticle growth in situ on a single-particle level and extract quantitative data on nanoparticle growth.

In situOptics and PhotonicsMaterials scienceMacromolecular SubstancesSurface PropertiesOrders of magnitude (temperature)Molecular ConformationPhysics::OpticsNanoparticleBioengineeringNanotechnologySubstrate (electronics)Liquid crystalMaterials TestingNanotechnologyGeneral Materials ScienceParticle SizeSpectroscopySpectrum AnalysisMechanical EngineeringGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsNanostructuresParticleNanorodGoldCrystallizationNano Letters
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Light transmission of the human lens and its relation with aging

2011

Purpose To determine the visible light transmission of the human crystalline lens of persons of different ages, using both solar and incandescent illumination. Methods The spectral transmission of lens was measured by using the Perkin-Elmer 800 UV/VIS spectrophotometer. With these data we calculated the percentage of visible light transmission for solar illumination, simulated by the CIE D65 illuminant, and for incandescent illumination (A illuminant). Results The total amount of visible light transmitted by nine crystalline lenses is represented as a function of age: with solar illumination and with incandescent illumination and the comparison between both illuminants.In general, the amoun…

Incandescent light bulbLight transmissionMaterials sciencebusiness.industryBright-field microscopyStandard illuminantGeneral Medicinelaw.inventionCritical illuminationLens (optics)OphthalmologyOpticsTransmission (telecommunications)lawOptoelectronicssense organsbusinessVisible spectrumActa Ophthalmologica
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On the Statistical Properties of Phase Crossings and Random FM Noise in Double Rayleigh Fading Channels

2016

In this paper, we study the statistics of phase processes and random frequency modulation (FM) noise encountered in double Rayleigh fading channels. The Rayleigh processes making up the double Rayleigh channel are assumed to be independent but not necessarily identically distributed. The Doppler power spectral densities of these processes are supposed to be symmetric about the carrier frequency. Under these fading conditions, we derive first an expression for the joint probability density function (jpdf) of the phase process and its rate of change. Capitalizing on this jpdf formula, we then investigate the probability density function (pdf) and cumulative distribution function (cdf) of rand…

Independent and identically distributed random variablesComputer Networks and CommunicationsRayleigh distributionCumulative distribution functionAerospace Engineering020302 automobile design & engineering020206 networking & telecommunicationsProbability density function02 engineering and technologyNoise (electronics)Moment (mathematics)0203 mechanical engineeringAutomotive Engineering0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringElectronic engineeringFadingStatistical physicsElectrical and Electronic EngineeringComputer Science::Information TheoryMathematicsRayleigh fadingIEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
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Statistical Properties of Double Hoyt Fading With Applications to the Performance Analysis of Wireless Communication Systems

2018

In this paper, we investigate the statistical properties of double Hoyt fading channels, where the overall received signal is determined by the product of two statistically independent but not necessarily identically distributed single Hoyt processes. Finite-range integral expressions are first derived for the probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), level-crossing rate (LCR), and average duration of fades of the envelope fading process. A closed-form approximate solution is also deduced for the LCR by making use of the Laplace approximation theorem. Applying the derived PDF of the double Hoyt channel, we then provide analytical expressions for the average…

Independent and identically distributed random variablesGeneral Computer ScienceGaussianProbability density function02 engineering and technologyDouble Hoyt fading channel modelsymbols.namesake0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringGeneral Materials ScienceFadingGaussian processMathematicsComputer Science::Information TheoryCumulative distribution function020208 electrical & electronic engineeringMathematical analysisGeneral Engineering020206 networking & telecommunicationsvehicular-to-vehicular (V2V) channelsLaplace's methodprobability density function (PDF)symbolsaverage duration of fades (ADF)cumulative distribution function (CDF)lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringlevel-crossing rate (LCR)lcsh:TK1-9971Quadrature amplitude modulationIEEE Access
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L-Tryptophan on Cu(111): engineering a molecular labyrinth driven by indole groups

2015

The present article investigates the adsorption and molecular orientation of L-Tryptophan, which is both an essential amino acid important for protein synthesis and of particular interest for the development of chiral molecular electronics and biocompatible processes and devices, on Cu(111) using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at 55 K and at room temperature. The arrangement of chemisorbed L-Tryptophan on the copper surface varies with both temperature and surface coverage. At low coverage, small clusters form on the surface irrespective of temperature, while at high coverage an ordered chain structure emerges at room temperature, and a tightly packed structure forms a molec…

Indole testIndolesMaterials scienceSurface PropertiesHydrogen bondStereochemistryMechanical EngineeringIntermolecular forceTemperatureTryptophanMolecular electronicsBioengineeringGeneral Chemistrylaw.inventionCrystallographyAdsorptionMechanics of MaterialslawMoleculeGeneral Materials ScienceAdsorptionElectrical and Electronic EngineeringScanning tunneling microscopeSuperstructure (condensed matter)CopperNanotechnology
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Improving RF Fingerprinting Methods by Means of D2D Communication Protocol

2019

Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting is widely applied for indoor positioning due to the existing Wi-Fi infrastructure present in most indoor spaces (home, work, leisure, among others) and the widespread usage of smartphones everywhere. It corresponds to a simple idea, the signal signature in a location tends to be stable over the time. Therefore, with the signals received from multiple APs, a unique fingerprint can be created. However, the Wi-Fi signal is affected by many factors which degrade the positioning error range to around a few meters. This paper introduces a collaborative method based on device-to-device (D2D) communication to improve the positioning accuracy using only fingerprin…

Indoor positioningComputer Networks and CommunicationsComputer scienceReal-time computinglcsh:TK7800-83605G-tekniikkaD2D02 engineering and technologyRF fingerprintingSignal0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringElectrical and Electronic EngineeringRFIDSIMPLE (military communications protocol)ta213etätunnistuslcsh:ElectronicsFingerprint (computing)indoor positioning020206 networking & telecommunicationsSignature (logic)RF FingerprintingHardware and ArchitectureControl and Systems EngineeringsisätilapaikannusSignal Processing020201 artificial intelligence & image processingRadio frequencyCommunications protocol5G5G
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