Search results for "encoding"
showing 10 items of 134 documents
A Geometric Algebra Based Distributional Model to Encode Sentences Semantics
2013
Word space models are used to encode the semantics of natural language elements by means of high dimensional vectors [23]. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) methodology [15] is well known and widely used for its generalization properties. Despite of its good performance in several applications, the model induced by LSA ignores dynamic changes in sentences meaning that depend on the order of the words, because it is based on a bag of words analysis. In this chapter we present a technique that exploits LSA-based semantic spaces and geometric algebra in order to obtain a sub-symbolic encoding of sentences taking into account the words sequence in the sentence. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidel…
Silhouette encoding and synthesis using elliptic Fourier descriptors, and applications to videoconferencing
2004
Abstract This paper investigates the use of elliptic Fourier descriptors as a shape descriptor for encoding the silhouette of a person. Shape descriptors are here used for predicting the shape of silhouettes in missing frames within a sequence. This prediction scheme is applied to the case of generating in-between images in a low frame rate videoconferencing system, where the reconstructed silhouette is used as a binary mask for reducing the computational time for the frame reconstruction.
An Encoding in Metaheuristics for the Minimum Communication Spanning Tree Problem
2009
Problem-specific encodings can improve the performance of metaheuristics, such as genetic algorithms or simulated annealing. This paper studies the link-biased (LB) encoding, which is a tree representation, and applies metaheuristics using this encoding to the minimum communication spanning tree (MCST) problem. Given the communication requirements of the nodes, the MCST problem seeks a communication spanning tree with minimum total cost. Optimal solutions for MCST problems are similar to minimum spanning trees (MSTs), and the LB encoding exploits this property by encoding trees similar to MSTs with higher probability. The paper investigates how to systematically design problem-specific enc…
Construction and Implementation of LR(1) Parsers
1990
This chapter is devoted to the practical issues involved in the construction and use of deterministic LR(1) parsers. We shall show how the practical versions of LR (1) parsers, most notably the LALR (1) parsers, can be constructed efficiently, and we shall present methods for encoding LR(1) parsers as efficient RAM programs. Two versions of RAM program implementation are considered: in the first implementation the parsing program is table-driven, that is, the rules of the parser are encoded in a two-dimensional array which is simulated by a program body; in the other implementation the tabular information is further transformed into a set of program statements.
Silhouette encoding and synthesis using elliptic Fourier descriptors and applications to videoconferencing, Journal of Visual Language and Computing
2004
This paper investigates the use of elliptic Fourier descriptors as a shape descriptor for encoding the silhouette of a person. Shape descriptors are here used for predicting the shape of silhouettes in missing frames within a sequence. This prediction scheme is applied to the case of generating in-between images in a low frame rate videoconferencing system, where the reconstructed silhouette is used as a binary mask for reducing the computational time for the frame reconstruction.
Clifford Rotors for Conceptual Representation in Chatbots
2013
In this abstract we introduce an unsupervised sub-symbolic natural language sentences encoding procedure aimed at catching and representing into a Chatbot Knowledge Base (KB) the concepts expressed by an user interacting with a robot. The chatbot KB is coded in a conceptual space induced from the application of the Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) paradigm on a corpus of documents. LSA has the effect of decomposing the original relationships between elements into linearly-independent vectors. Each basis vector can be considered therefore as a "conceptual coordinate", which can be tagged by the words which better characterize it. This tagging is obtained by performing a (TF-IDF)-like weighting…
A new algorithm for bit rate allocation in JPEG2000 tile encoding
2004
A new algorithm for allocating a given bit rate to different image tiles in the JPEG2000 encoding system is proposed. The algorithm outperforms other approaches commonly used in implementations. The new algorithm is suitable when information content is not equally distributed across the image. It is based on the computation of an index of the information content of each tile. To implement the proposed approach, we modified JasPer, a free software-based JPEG2000 coder implementation (Adams, M.D. and Kossentini, F., Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Process., vol.2, p.53-6, 2000). The experimentation was carried out on a subset of the JPEG2000 test images. Experimental results are reported, show…
Spazio e percorso in siciliano antico: analisi di un corpus
2020
In ancient Sicilian, basic spatial relations are encoded by means of prepositional phrases introduced by ‘da’ and ‘di’ (origin), ‘a’, ‘in’ and ‘intra’ (location and direction), ‘per/pir/pri’ (path). This contribution offers a description of these encoding means based on the examination of a corpus of Sicialian texts of the 14th to 16th centuries. The analysis is carried out against a cognitive grammar theoretical background and takes into account the existing studies on spatial relations in the world languages. These studies brought to light some recurring patterns: for instance, ‘direction’ tends to be encoded in a more articlulated way than ‘origin’, while the encoding of ‘path’ seems to …
The embodied sources of purpose expressions in Latin
2016
This chapter examines the phrasal means of encoding the semantic role of purpose in Latin. After discussing the notion of semantic role and its use in cognitive linguistics, we illustrate the conceptual relation between the notional domains of space and causation. On this basis, we analyze the source of purpose expressions in Latin, which are mainly based on direction (bare dative and the allative markers, i.e. ad / in + accusative), but also include prepositional phrases metaphorically derived from location (e.g. per + accusative, prō + ablative, propter + accusative), or metonymically spreading from reason to purpose (as in the case of causal markers such as genitive + causā and gratiā ).
Hardware-accelerated spike train generation for neuromorphic image and video processing
2014
Recent studies concerning Spiking Neural Networks show that they are a powerful tool for multiple applications as pattern recognition, image tracking, and detection tasks. The basic functional properties of SNN reside in the use of spike information encoding as the neurons are specifically designed and trained using spike trains. We present a novel and efficient frequency encoding algorithm with Gabor-like receptive fields using probabilistic methods and targeted to FPGA for online pro-cessing. The proposed encoding is versatile, modular and, when applied to images, it is able to perform simple image transforms as edge detection, spot detection or removal, and Gabor-like filtering without a…