Search results for "endocrine system"
showing 10 items of 1530 documents
The diagnostic role of saliva - A Review
2011
As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers distinctive advantages over serum because it can be collected non-invasively by individuals, even by patient. Does not require special equipment for collection and storage as unlike blood saliva does not clot. Advantageous for person in whom blood drawing is difficult as in obese and haemophilic patient. Whole saliva used for diagnosis of systemic diseases, because it contains serum constituents. These constituents are derived from the local vasculature of the salivary glands and gingival cervicular fluid.This review examines the diagnostic application of saliva for hereditary disorders, autoimmune diseases, malignant and infectious diseases, and endocri…
Dual role of epoxide hydratase in both activation and inactivation of benzo(a)pyrene.
1977
The effect of epoxide hydratase upon the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene was investigated using two Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA 1537 and TA 98). These two bacterial strains were found to differ characteristically in their susceptibility to different mutagens biologically produced from benzo(a)pyrene providing a diagnostic tool to investigate which types of mutagenic metabolites were produced in various metabolic situations. The results showed that the pattern of mutagenic metabolites produced by microsomes from methylcholanthrene-treated mice was very different from that produced by microsomes from phenobarbital-treated or untreated mice. However in all cases at least two mutagenic me…
Mechanism of genotoxicity and electron density distribution by NMR of 5-nitro-3-thiophenecarboxamides, a novel group of direct-acting mutagens in Sal…
1993
Abstract The mutagenic activity of 23 5-nitro-3-thiophenecarboxanilides and of 5-nitro-3-thiophenecarboxamide, the prototype, (NTCAs) have been evaluated in the Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 ad TA98 with and without metabolic activation. Effects of different substituents (electron-donating and electron-withdrawing) were studied to evaluate structural features that affect the metabolism and the bacterial mutagenic potency. All the derivatives were direct-acting mutagens, the mutagenic potency ranging from 0.7 to 142 revertants (rev.)/nmol in TA100 and from 0.09 to 68 rev./nmol in TA98 strain. Results obtained with strains TA98NR and TA98/1,8-DNP 6 indicated that the mutag…
Influence of nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase on the mutagenicity of substituted nitrobenzothiophenamines in Salmonella typhimurium.
1999
The mutagenic activity of 17 substituted (aryl)(2-nitrobenzo[b]thiophen-3yl)amines has been evaluated in the Ames test with different isogenic strains of Salmonella typhimurium, that varied in their expression of nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase. Active derivatives induced frameshift mutations in TA98 strain, and differences in the chemical structure resulted in up to 15-fold changes in mutagenic activity. The non-mutagenic compounds are the unsubstituted parent compound and derivatives with para-chloro, para-fluoro, para-diethylamino, meta-bromo and para-dimethylamino groups. They do not show any activity even in strains with higher level of nitroreductase or O-acetyltransferase. The…
Mutagenicity of N-substituted phenanthrene 9,10-imines in Salmonella typhimurium and Chinese hamster V79 cells.
1986
We previously showed that some (nonsubstituted) aziridines derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (arene imines) elicit various mutagenic and genotoxic effects in bacteria and mammalian cells and that these arene imines are active at much lower concentrations than the corresponding epoxide analogues. In the present study, N-substituted derivatives of phenanthrene 9,10-imine were investigated. All 10 derivatives studied showed direct mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Some of the compounds additionally exhibited weak effects in the strains TA98 and TA1537. Most N-substituted derivatives were weaker mutagens than unsubstituted phenanthrene 9,10-imine but stronger mutagens th…
Sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a splenectomized patient for spherocytosis
2017
Abstract Rationale: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome that is characterized by an inappropriate hyperinflammatory immune response – primary, as a consequence of a genetic defect of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes or – secondary, in the progression of infections, rheumatic or autoimmune diseases, malignancies or metabolic diseases. Patient concerns: We present the case of a secondary HLH due to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a splenectomised patient for spherocytosis, a 37-year-old patient who was splenectomised in childhood for spherocytosis, without immuneprophylaxis induced by antipneumococcal vaccine. Outcomes: He developed a severe pneumococcal sepsis as…
Role of Cytoreductive surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer
2010
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in western countries, primarily because over 60% of patients with ovarian cancer will experience disease recurrence. Primary cytoreductive surgery and combination chemotherapy are the cornerstones of the initial treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer. The management of recurrent ovarian cancer is less clear than that of primary disease. The management of recurrent ovarian cancer is largely based on systemic chemotherapy, with surgery being offered only in selected individuals. Despite this, the benefits of surgery has been shown in a meta-analysis by Bristow et al. where the survival is influenced by the completeness …
Lifecycle of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): From In Utero to Menopause
2013
Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is diagnosed during the reproductive years when women present with 2 of 3 of the following criteria: 1) irregular menstrual cycles or anovulation, 2) hyperandrogenism, and 3) PCO morphology. However, there is evidence that PCOS can be identified from early infancy to puberty based on predisposing environmental influences. There is also increasing information about the PCOS phenotype after menopause. The goal of this review is to summarize current knowledge about the appearance of PCOS at different life stages and the influence of reproductive maturation and senescence on the PCOS phenotype. Evidence: PubMed, the bibliography from the Evidence-Based …
Novel bioactive bromopyrrole alkaloids from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella verrucosa
2005
The Mediterranean sponge Axinella verrucosa has been investigated for its alkaloid composition and has been found to produce a complex mixture of bromopyrrole alkaloids. Along with the previously isolated compounds 5-18, four novel alkaloids of this class, compounds 1-4, have been isolated, and their structures established through spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-4 were found to display neuroprotective activity against the agonists serotonin and glutamate in vitro.
Distribution and coexistence of chromogranin A-, serotonin-and pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity in endocrine-like cells of the human anal canal
1992
The comparative distribution and coexistence of chromogranin A (CGA)-, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT)- and pancreastatin (PST)-like immunoreactivity in endocrine-like cells of the human anal canal was investigated by light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. The largest population of colorectal endocrine-like cells consisted of CGA-immunoreactive (ir) cells, followed by the 5-HT-ir and PST-ir cell population. In the anal transitional zone (ATZ), CGA- and 5-HT-immunoreactivity was equally distributed; ir-PST was confined to a smaller endocrine-like cell population. In the squamous zone and the perianal skin, Merkel cells in the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles exhibited ir…