Search results for "endocrine"
showing 10 items of 2114 documents
Emotional stress & decision-making: an emotional stressor significantly reduces loss aversion
2021
Stress influences loss aversion, the principle that losses loom larger than gains, although the nature of this relationship is unclear. Studies show that stress reduces loss aversion; however, stress response has been only studied by means of physiological measures, but the stressor emotional impact remained unclear. Since emotions can modify stress response and increase the activity of the loss aversion neural substrates, it could be expected that an emotional stressor may produce the opposite effect, i.e. loss aversion increase. 69 participants were divided into experimental and control group. The first one was exposed to emotional stress through a 5-minutes video, and control group viewe…
Association of Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution With Thyroid Function During Pregnancy
2019
Key Points Question Is exposure to ambient air pollution in the first trimester associated with thyroid function throughout pregnancy? Findings Among 9931 pregnant women in 4 European cohorts and 1 US cohort, an increase of 5 μg/m3 in exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less was associated with 20% higher odds of hypothyroxinemia. Meaning The findings of this study raise the possibility that exposure to particulate matter might disrupt thyroid function in pregnant women.
Presynaptic regulation of the electrically evoked release of endogenous dopamine from the isolated neurointermediate lobe or isolated neural lobe of …
1988
Isolated neurointermediate lobes (NILs) or isolated neural lobes (NLs) of the rat pituitary gland were incubated in Krebs-HEPES solution which contained pargyline and the dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12921. The release of endogenous dopamine was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk induced a frequency-dependent release of dopamine. The release of dopamine from the combined NIL evoked by stimulation at 15 Hz was increased by 130% in the presence of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, (-)-sulpiride; the (+)-enantiomer of sulpiride had virtually no effect. When the stimulation frequency was 3 Hz (-)-sulpiride caused an increase in d…
Pituitary Function and the Somatotrophic System in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease Under Chronic Dopaminergic Therapy
2007
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease and dopaminergic medication may influence pituitary hormone secretion. The present study aimed to reveal any abnormalities of the somatotrophic system induced by the disease itself and/or the dopaminergic therapy. Investigations of other pituitary hormones under basal and stimulated conditions, as well as an analysis of body composition, were also performed. This was a controlled diagnostic study in which luteinising hormone-releasing hormone, thyroid-releasing hormone, corticotrophin-releasing hormone and arginine hydrochloride were administered to ten patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease under dopaminergic medication. Basal and stimulated hormone con…
Imbalance of expression of bFGF and PK1 is associated with defective maturation and antenatal placental insufficiency.
2013
Abstract Objective Defective placental maturation is associated with restricted functional capacity and adverse perinatal fetal outcomes. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the role of mRNA expression of various angiogenic factors in placental maturation defects. Study design We examined the mRNA expression patterns of prokineticin 1 (PK1), its receptors (PKRs), basic-fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) in tissue from third-trimester placentae that exhibited delayed or accelerated villous maturation. Results The expression of PK1 and PKR2 was elevated in placental tissue exhibiting accelerated maturati…
In Vitro Generation of Pancreatic Endocrine Cells from Human Adult Fibroblast-Like Limbal Stem Cells
2012
Stem cells might provide unlimited supply of transplantable cells for β-cell replacement therapy in diabetes. The human limbus is a highly specialized region hosting a well-recognized population of epithelial stem cells, which sustain the continuous renewal of the cornea, and the recently identified stromal fibroblast-like stem cells (f-LSCs), with apparent broader plasticity. However, the lack of specific molecular markers for the identification of the multipotent limbal subpopulation has so far limited the investigation of their differentiation potential. In this study we show that the human limbus contains uncommitted cells that could be potentially harnessed for the treatment of diabete…
Laboratory Studies of Scattering Properties of Polluted Cloud Droplets: Implications for FSSP Measurements
2008
Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted in the Mainz vertical wind tunnel to study the effects of pollutants dissolved or suspended in cloud droplets on the droplet size measurements of a Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP). The FSSP is a widely used instrument to derive microphysical properties of atmospheric clouds. Individual droplets of different well-defined sizes were freely falling at their terminal velocities in the wind tunnel while the intensity of radiation emitted by the He–Ne laser of the FSSP and scattered by the droplets was measured. For this purpose, the FSSP was adapted and mounted to the wind tunnel. The intensity of radiation scattered by the droplets in …
Application potential of dummy molecularly imprinted polymers as solid-phase extraction sorbents for determination of low-mass polybrominated dipheny…
2019
Abstract Despite the introduction of restrictive regulations in the USA and the European Union, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are still found in various types of environmental and biological samples at significant concentration levels. The presence of these persistent organic pollutants in the environment raises important issues because of their negative impact on immunological and neurological systems, and on the hormonal balances in living organisms. From the analytical point of view, the final determination of PBDEs would entail substantial challenges, because it would necessitate conducting the pre-concentration of analytes, or sample clean up. The aim of the present study is t…
The type of GnRH analogue used during controlled ovarian stimulation influences early embryo developmental kinetics: a time-lapse study
2013
OBJECTIVE: To explore if the GnRH analogue used for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and the ovulation triggering factor (GnRH agonist + hCG triggering versus GnRH antagonist + GnRH agonist triggering) affect embryo development and kinetics.STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective cohort study in the Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Alicante and the Instituto Universitario-IVI Valencia, Spain, 2817 embryos deriving from 400 couples undergoing oocyte donation were analysed. After controlled ovarian stimulation and IVF/intracytoplamic sperm injection, the timing of embryonic cleavages was assessed by a video time-lapse system. The results were analysed using Student's t test for compari…
Objectively recorded physical activity and the association with gestational diabetes
2014
The aim of this population-based study was to assess the association between objectively recorded physical activity (PA) in early gestation and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) identified at 28 weeks of gestation in a multi-ethnic cohort of healthy pregnant women in Oslo, Norway. In total, 759 women were included. In early gestation (<20 weeks), light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity PA and number of steps were objectively recorded (SenseWear™ Armband Pro3), and self-reported PA, demographics, and anthropometrics were collected. The 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 28 weeks of gestation. Women with GDM had fewer objectively recorded steps (mean 7964 steps/day vs 8879 …