Search results for "endothelial dysfunction"
showing 10 items of 287 documents
Suppression of the JNK Pathway by Induction of a Metabolic Stress Response Prevents Vascular Injury and Dysfunction
2008
Background— Oxidative injury and dysfunction of the vascular endothelium are early and causal features of many vascular diseases. Single antioxidant strategies to prevent vascular injury have met with mixed results. Methods and Results— Here, we report that induction of a metabolic stress response with adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) prevents oxidative endothelial cell injury. This response is characterized by stabilization of the mitochondrion and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in attenuation of oxidative c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. We report that peroxisome proliferator coactivator 1α is a key downstream target of AMPK that is both necessary and suffici…
Endothelial Dysfunction in Tristetraprolin-deficient Mice Is Not Caused by Enhanced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression
2014
Cardiovascular events are important co-morbidities in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Tristetraprolin (TTP) regulates pro-inflammatory processes through mRNA destabilization and therefore TTP-deficient mice (TTP(-/-) mice) develop a chronic inflammation resembling human rheumatoid arthritis. We used this mouse model to evaluate molecular signaling pathways contributing to the enhanced atherosclerotic risk in chronic inflammatory diseases. In the aorta of TTP(-/-) mice we observed elevated mRNA expression of known TTP targets like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, as well as of other pro-atherosclerotic mediators, l…
Aerobic training and angiogenesis activation in patients with stable chronic heart failure: a preliminary report.
2013
The pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (CHF) involves multiple hystologic and molecular alterations. To determine the effects of physical training on circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), angiogenesis (angiogenin, angiopoietin-1 and -2, VEGF, Tie-2, SDF-1α) and inflammation (IL-6, CRP), we compared data obtained from 11 CHF pts before and after 3 months aerobic exercise training, to those from 10 non trained CHF pts (CHF-C group, age 64 + 2 years, NYHA 2). At the end of the study, EPCs count and AP-2 serum levels significantly increased in the CHF-TR group. These preliminary data suggest a significant effect of even a short program of physical training on angiogenic activat…
AT1-receptor blockade with irbesartan improves peripheral but not coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with stable coronary artery disease
2007
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Studies evaluating the effect of AT1-receptor blockers on endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) revealed mixed results. Studies addressing the effects of AT1-receptor blockers on the coronary and peripheral function in the same study population, are still lacking. We therefore aimed to test the effects of long-term therapy with the AT1-receptor blocker irbesartan (IRB) on both, the coronary and peripheral endothelial function in patients with CAD. Seventy-two patients with CAD were randomly assigned to double-blin…
Effect of tirofiban on percutaneous coronary intervention-induced endothelial dysfunction in patients with stable coronary artery disease
2004
Recent studies demonstrated that glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists improve endothelial dysfunction of forearm resistance vessels in patients with stable coronary artery disease. However, it remains unclear whether these findings can be extended to the conductance vessel level. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the acute effect of tirofiban on endothelial function of arterial conductance vessels in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Endothelial function was examined by ultrasonographic measurement of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Endothelium-independent vasodilation was determined in response to nitroglycerin. Sixty-six pa…
Nitric oxide and prostacyclin lower suprasystemic pulmonary hypertension after cardiopulmonary bypass
1993
In a 3-week-old male newborn persistent suprasystemic pulmonary hypertension developed after surgical valvulotomy for a critical aortic valve stenosis. Because of a residual transvalvular pressure gradient of 35 mmHg and postoperative left as well as right ventricular dysfunction, treatment with inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and intravenously infused prostacyclin (PGI2) was attempted. Low-dose inhaled NO and low dose PGI2 corrected severe pulmonary hypertension and led to an increase in cardiac output. Treatment with NO but not PGI2 was accompanied by a rise in PaO2 and systemic blood pressure. Interruption of NO administration led to a rapid increase in pulmonary arterial pressure to suprasyst…
Exenatide once-weekly improves metabolic parameters, endothelial dysfunction and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type-2 diabetes: An …
2019
AIM: To evaluate the effect of exenatide long acting release (LAR) on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Sixty subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were treated with exenatide LAR as add-on to stable doses of metformin for 8 months in an open label study. Anthropometric variables, lipid profile and glycemic parameters were assessed by routine analysis. Carotid IMT by Doppler ultrasound and endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery were also assessed. RESULTS: Exenatide significantly improved fasting glycaemia (from 8.8 ± 2.8 to 7.3 ± 2.2 mmol/L, p < 0.0001), HbA1c (from 8.0 ± 0.4 …
Circulating endothelin-1 levels in type 2 diabetic patients with ischaemic heart disease.
1996
To investigate whether circulating endothelin-1 (Et-1) may be related to the increased incidence and severity of ischaemic heart disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus, we compared the concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients and in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) angiographically documented. Plasma levels of Et-1 were determined in 34 type 2 diabetic patients with CAD (16 with stable angina, 6 with unstable angina, 12 with previous myocardial infarction) and in 19 nondiabetic patients with CAD (4 with stable angina, 5 with unstable angina, 10 with previous myocardial infarction). Fifteen diabetic patients without CAD and 9 healthy volunteers served as control subjec…
Polyamines are increased in obese children and are related to markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress and angiogenesis.
2011
Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are polycationic amines derived from arginine, which is the precursor of nitric oxide (NO). Due to the close relationship between the metabolism of polyamines and NO metabolism, the alteration in polyamine homeostasis can affect the NO bioavailability at the endothelium.The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that childhood obesity is associated with a significant modification of blood polyamines and to investigate the presence of correlation between these molecules, circulating markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.This was an observational analytical case-control study conducted at one terti…
Serum alkaline phosphatase negatively affects endothelium-dependent vasodilation in naïve hypertensive patients.
2015
Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, promoting arterial calcification in experimental models, is a powerful predictor of total and cardiovascular mortality in general population and in patients with renal or cardiovascular diseases. For this study, to evaluate a possible correlation between serum alkaline phosphatase levels and endothelial function, assessed by strain gauge plethysmography, we enrolled 500 naïve hypertensives divided into increasing tertiles of alkaline phosphatase. The maximal response to acetylcholine was inversely related to alkaline phosphatase ( r =−0.55; P <0.001), and this association was independent ( r =−0.61; P <0.001) of demographic and classical risk …