Search results for "enforcement"

Are we any good at protecting our societies and economies from the threat of economic crime and misconduct?

2019

PurposeThis paper aims to outline the Italian framework of rules against economic crime and to verify if Italian legislation provides for appropriate and effective measures according to own needs both at a national and European level.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a comparative approach by examining the European and Italian legal systems for finding analogies and differences between them.FindingsThe study has revealed the need of a greater international harmonisation of criminal laws and penalties as well as the transnationality of the economic crime cuts the chance of success of every national strategy, given that transnational criminals are encouraged by the awareness that thei…

Cosa nostra and Camorra: illegal activities and organizational structures

2016

This article intends to develop an introductory reflection concerning the most recent trends of two of the major Italian mafia organisations: the Sicilian Cosa Nostra and the Campanian Camorra. Following a comparative perspective, the analysis will focus the attention on changes that have occurred in recent years both at the level of illegal activities and at the level of organisational structures. After the bombs of the nineties, Cosa Nostra has moved towards a flexible and less centralised organisation, investing dirty money in the legal economic sector, to reduce its exposure to law enforcement investigations. At the same time, the Camorra clans have considerably widened their range of a…

Income Tax Evasion in a Unionised Labour Market

2003

Labour market outcomes can depend on tax evasion since the returns from working are affected by the amount of taxes paid. In this paper, unionised workers are assumed to select the income which they declare. The rational trade union takes this decision into account. It is shown that the employment effects of a linear income tax are not altered qualitatively by tax evasion if the fine for evasion is a function only of the evaded tax. Moreover, the consequences of changes in the tax enforcement system are determined by the ability to choose evasion activities optimally. The existence of unrestricted tax evasion opportunities lowers wages.

Legal aspects of sexually transmitted diseases: abuse, partner notification and prosecution

2012

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with special emphasis to HIV infection, involve legal and ethical issues regarding informed consent to submit to a diagnostic, observance of professional secrecy in regard to partner(s) and community; legal troubles of particular difficulties are related to STD involving minors; lastly, physicians must be able to recognize the state of so called medical necessity. Knowledge and awareness of these related obligations are crucial to STD in medical practice; it is also important to allow for proper protection of victims of suspected sexual abuse under observation of healthcare. With regard to this aspect should be emphasized that violence against women and…

Gestione creativa e nonviolenta delle situazioni di tensione (Un corso di formazione per Forze dell’ordine)

2007

Vengono descritte le tecniche di gestione nonviolenta e creativa dei conflitti in cui possono trovarsi i membri delle Forze dell'ordine. The techniques of nonviolent and creative management of conflicts are described in which members of the Police Forces can find themselves.

Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Awards in Spain and Public Policy

2011

Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards is a very relevant and trendy issue. The article analyzes in depth the existing Spanish case-law regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards.

2021

Data collected in criminal investigations may suffer from issues like: (i) incompleteness, due to the covert nature of criminal organizations; (ii) incorrectness, caused by either unintentional data collection errors or intentional deception by criminals; (iii) inconsistency, when the same information is collected into law enforcement databases multiple times, or in different formats. In this paper we analyze nine real criminal networks of different nature (i.e., Mafia networks, criminal street gangs and terrorist organizations) in order to quantify the impact of incomplete data, and to determine which network type is most affected by it. The networks are firstly pruned using two specific m…

Two tiered privacy enhanced intrusion detection system architecture

2009

The paper describes an architecture for privacy-enhanced intrusion detection systems, that separates privacy-invasive and privacy-preserving operations. This can be useful in cases where less sensitive network monitoring is outsourced to a third party and more sensitive network monitoring operations and data forensics are performed in-house or by law enforcement agencies.

A trust-based security enforcement in disruption-tolerant networks

2017

We propose an approach to enforce security in disruption- and delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) where long delays, high packet drop rates, unavailability of central trusted entity etc. make traditional approaches unfeasible. We use trust model based on subjective logic to continuously evaluate trustworthiness of security credentials issued in distributed manner by network participants to deal with absence of centralised trusted authorities.

Crafting messages to fight dishonesty: A field investigation of the effects of social norms and watching eye cues on fare evasion

2021

Abstract The impact of watching eyes cues and descriptive social norm messages on fare evasion was studied in two experiments that were conducted in two railway stations in France. In Study 1, a natural field experiment, passengers were exposed for a two-week period to either a control eye-cues poster or to an experimental eye-cues with a social norm messaging campaign. In Study 2, an artefactual experiment in the field, participants in the experimental train station were asked to participate in a lying task before and after they were exposed to the messaging campaign. The results from both studies suggest that although watching eye cues alone are not effective in a crowded train station, e…