Search results for "enlightenment"
showing 10 items of 110 documents
Guerre juste et droit de la guerre dans l’"Encyclopédie"
2010
In the vast reform program sketched by the chevalier de Jaucourt in the Encyclopédie for the modernization of justice, one point is particularly close to his heart: humanizing the rules of war. Drawing from the philosophies of Grotius and Montesquieu, his articles devoted to the question of a just war (CONQUEST, DAMAGE, DESERTER, ENEMY, PRISONNER OF WAR, RETALIATION, WAR, etc.) argue for the subordination of the political to moral reason and work towards the advent of international humanitarian law.
Traducción, cultura y política en el mundo hispánico del siglo XVIII: reescribir las Lettres d'une péruvienne de Françoise de Graffigny
2014
Este artículo narra la historia de cómo se reescribió en la España peninsular una obra fundamental de la Ilustración francesa, las Lettres d’une péruvienne (1747) de Françoise de Graffigny, en un proceso tejido de conexiones personales y culturales –amistosas, clientelares, de afinidad o rivalidad intelectual y literaria– entre las dos orillas del mundo hispánico. Se pretende enriquecer el mero análisis textual de la traducción castellana firmada por María Rosario Romero en 1792, reconstruyendo el perfil biográfico de su traductora y el contexto político e intelectual en el que fue gestada y se insertó. De ese modo, emerge una trama de relaciones en las que se destacan ciertas figuras (M. R…
Moving Localities and Creative Circulation: Travels as Knowledge Production in 18th-Century Europe
2014
In recent historiography of science, circulation has been widely used to weave global narratives about the history of science. These have tended to focus on flows of people, objects and practices rather than investigating the spread of universal patterns of knowledge. The approach has also, to a great extent, concentrated on colonial contexts and treated ‘European science’ as a more or less homogeneous knowledge realm. Furthermore, these studies of circulation have usually been tied to a contextualist view of knowledge formation in which locality is taken as a set of specificities linked with particular locations. In this article we redirect the focus of the discussion on circulation to Eur…
AN ECONOMIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF LAW IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: GAETANO FILANGIERI AND LA SCIENZA DELLA LEGISLAZIONE
2011
This work presents the elements of economic analysis of law that occur in the thought of Gaetano Filangieri. In the pages of La Scienza della Legislazione the Neapolitan writer develops a utilitarian and economic investigation that pays attention to the judgments individuals make over social phenomena at the margin point. A proof of this development can be found in the explanation of the principle of decreasing marginal utility, argued in Head XXXI of Book III, which represents one of the most effective demonstrations that can be found before the end of nineteenth-century literature. The most remarkable fact is that, of all the five parts that compose the Filangierian work, the most rich in…
Sophus A. Reinert, The Academy of Fisticuffs: Political Economy and Commercial Society in Enlightenment Italy (Cambridge, London: Harvard University …
2020
THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE REDEFINITION OF POLITICAL LOYALTIES
2007
This article discusses the study of modernization in the conceptions of political identities and loyalties in Scandinavia in the late 18th century. Opening with a review of recent Scandinavian research on political cultures, the language of politics and emerging nationalism in the 18th century, it locates the ensuing case studies in this burgeoning field and also in a wider, European and comparative context. The construction of identities and loyalties among the nobility, the clergy, burghers, civil servants and peasants is examined. The author argues that, despite much of apparent continuity of values, there was a surprising degree of potential for innovation within Scandinavian political …
A Latin American Casanova? Sex, Gender, Enlightenment and Revolution in the Life and Writings of Francisco de Miranda (1750–1816)
2022
This paper looks from a gender perspective at the elusive figure, complex personality and myth of Francisco de Miranda, enlightened traveller and Precursor of Latin American independence. By analysing Miranda's personal archive as his own carefully crafted creation, it pursues three closely connected issues insufficiently interpreted in historical perspective: the forms of masculinity he embodied and those from which he distanced himself, his connections with women and the role that gender played in his assessments of the countries he visited and wrote about. Miranda's trajectory and self-image trace an evolution (from mondain seducer and enlightened reader and thinker, to revolutionary sym…
Introduction
2009
This thematic section of Contributions to the History of Concepts takes up the necessity – and at the same time the problematic nature – of studying metaphors as a part of conceptual history. As Frank Beck Lassen argues in his article, “Regular, Dependable, Mechanical: J.F. Struensee on the State of Denmark,” not only concepts but also metaphors must be considered by historians of political thought as politically significant figures of speech. Metaphors may constitute condensed political arguments, the applications of which play an important role in the continuous semantic struggle over the definition of political reality.
Detrás de las palabras: usos políticos del concepto de imparcialidad y su función en la construcción de la historia de América en la Ilustración espa…
2018
En tiempos de renovado debate sobre el presentismo y la objetividad de los historiadores, pretendo indagar en los usos ideológicos y las funciones políticas que desempeñó el concepto de imparcialidad en la Ilustración española, su relación con la escritura de la historia y, más particularmente, con la conquista de América. A partir de diversos textos impresos de finales del s. XVIII e inicios del s. XIX —apologías, elogios, diccionarios y otros textos literarios— y adoptando una metodología que aúna la historia cultural y de los conceptos, me detendré en cómo las élites culturales dieciochescas atribuyeron al concepto un significado positivo y necesario para construir los discursos sobre lo…