Search results for "enteric nervous system"
showing 10 items of 46 documents
Evidence for a modulatory role of cannabinoids on the excitatory NANC neurotransmission in mouse colon
2007
Abstract It is well accepted that endogenous cannabinoids and CB1 receptors are involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contractility and intestinal motility, through a mechanism mainly related to reduction of acetylcholine release from cholinergic nerve endings. Because, few data exist on a possible modulatory action of the cannabinoid agents on the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cannabinoid drugs on the NANC responses elicited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the circular muscle of mouse proximal colon. Colonic contractions were monitored as changes in endoluminal…
Identification of Patulin from Penicillium coprobium as a Toxin for Enteric Neurons
2019
The identification and characterization of fungal commensals of the human gut (the mycobiota) is ongoing, and the effects of their various secondary metabolites on the health and disease of the host is a matter of current research. While the neurons of the central nervous system might be affected indirectly by compounds from gut microorganisms, the largest peripheral neuronal network (the enteric nervous system) is located within the gut and is exposed directly to such metabolites. We analyzed 320 fungal extracts and their effect on the viability of a human neuronal cell line (SH-SY5Y), as well as their effects on the viability and functionality of the most effective compound on primary ent…
In Vivo Imaging of Enteric Neuronal Networks in Humans Using Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy
2012
Plasticity of mouse enteric synapses mediated through endocannabinoid and purinergic signaling
2012
The myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the enteric nervous system (ENS) exist as interconnected integrative nerve networks within the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Activity of the ENS is responsible for the control of the digestive and protective functions of the gut.1 Synaptic transmission between enteric neurons propagates information from intrinsic afferent neurons to interneurons, and then from interneurons to motor neurons that control final effectors such as smooth muscle and the secretory epithelium. Acetylcholine (ACh) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the myenteric plexus, acting on nicotinic receptors at synapses between neurons and on muscarinic receptors a…
TALPID3/KIAA0586 regulates multiple aspects of neuromuscular patterning during gastrointestinal development in animal models and human
2021
ABSTRACTTALPID3/KIAA0586 is an evolutionary conserved protein, which plays an essential role in protein trafficking. Its role during gastrointestinal (GI) and enteric nervous system (ENS) development has not been studied previously. Here, we analysed chicken, mouse and human embryonic GI tissues with TALPID3 mutations. The GI tract of TALPID3 chicken embryos was shortened and malformed. Histologically, the gut smooth muscle was mispatterned and enteric neural crest cells were scattered throughout the gut wall. Analysis of the Hedgehog pathway and gut extracellular matrix provided causative reasons for these defects. Interestingly, chicken intra-species grafting experiments and a conditional…
Are functional gi disorders gastroenterological or neurological diseases?
2009
The GABAergic System and the Gastrointestinal Physiopathology.
2015
Since the first report about the presence of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, accumulating evidence strongly supports the widespread representation of the GABAergic system in the enteric milieu, underlining its potential multifunctional role in the regulation of GI functions in health and disease. GABA and GABA receptors are widely distributed throughout the GI tract, constituting a complex network likely regulating the diverse GI behaviour patterns, cooperating with other major neurotransmitters and mediators for maintaining GI homeostasis in physiologic and pathologic conditions. GABA is involved in the circuitry of the enteric nervous system, controlling…
THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND EMERGING CONCEPTS
2011
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an integrative neuronal network, organized in two ganglionated plexuses, myenteric and submucosal, composed of neurons and enteric glial cells, controlling the activity of the smooth muscle of the gut, mucosal secretion and blood flow. The ENS contains as many neurons as the spinal cord, and the functional and chemical diversity of enteric neurons closely resembles that of the central nervous system. This highly integrated neural system is also referred to as the ‘brain-in-the-gut’, because of its capability to function in the absence of nerve inputs from the central nervous system.