Search results for "epilepsy"

Chronic neural probe for simultaneous recording of single-unit, multi-unit, and local field potential activity from multiple brain sites

2017

Drug resistant focal epilepsy can be treated by resecting the epileptic focus requiring a precise focus localisation using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) probes. As commercial SEEG probes offer only a limited spatial resolution, probes of higher channel count and design freedom enabling the incorporation of macro and microelectrodes would help increasing spatial resolution and thus open new perspectives for investigating mechanisms underlying focal epilepsy and its treatment. This work describes a new fabrication process for SEEG probes with materials and dimensions similar to clinical probes enabling recording single neuron activity at high spatial resolution.Polyimide is used as a bi…

Social Cognition in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy

2021

Introduction: The purpose of our study was to perform a comparative analysis of social cognition in children and adolescents with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), specific learning disorder (SLD) and in typical development (TD) controls. The secondary aim was to relate social cognition to some clinical and demographic characteristics.Methods: Our work is a transversal observational study. The recruits were 179 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years diagnosed with epilepsy, ASD, or SLD and 32 subjects with TD. All the participants underwent neuropsychological assessment of Emotion Recognition (ER) and Theory of Mind (ToM) skills.Results: All three clinical groups perfo…

Magnetic stimulation in the definition of eloquent cortical areas

2003

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physiological principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and focus on detailing the techniques used in TMS mapping of the motor cortex relating it to the use of TMS in the presurgical assessment of patients with epilepsy. Since the main measure of TMS is the motor potential evoked in muscles, fine delineation of the functional topography of cortex is limited mainly to the primary sensorimotor cortex. In addition, TMS might be helpful to identify language dominance. The characterization of eloquent cortical areas is important in epilepsy surgery for the planning of the resection. TMS is not routinely employed for this purpose and TMS ma…

Nonlinear brain-heart interactions in children with focal epilepsy assessed by mutual information of EEG and heart rate variability

2019

Network physiology is a recent approach describing the human body as an integrated network composed of several organ systems which continuously interact to produce healthy and diseased states. In this work, we apply the network physiology paradigm to study dynamical interactions between EEG activity and heart rate variability in children suffering from focal epilepsy. We aim to study the characteristics of brainheart coupling between, before, and after seizures to better understand the physiological mechanisms underlying seizure onset in the pre-ictal phase and the recovery of normal autonomic function in the post-ictal phase. In perspective, linking the dynamic information of brain-heart c…

Characterization of Epileptic Spiking Associated With Brain Amyloidosis in APP/PS1 Mice

2019

Epileptic activity without visible convulsions is common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may contribute adversely to the disease progress and symptoms. Transgenic mice with amyloid plaque pathology also display epileptic seizures, but those are too infrequent to assess the effect of anti-epileptic treatments. Besides spontaneous seizures, these mice also display frequent epileptic spiking in epidural EEG recordings, and these have provided a means to test potential drug treatment to AD-related epilepsy. However, the origin of EEG spikes in transgenic AD model mice has remained elusive, which makes it difficult to relate electrophysiology with underlying pathology at the cellular and molecul…

Evaluation of creative thinking in children with idiopathic epilepsy (absence epilepsy).

2012

One Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks for Seizure Onset Detection Using Long-term Scalp and Intracranial EEG

2021

Epileptic seizure detection using scalp electroencephalogram (sEEG) and intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) has attracted widespread attention in recent two decades. The accurate and rapid detection of seizures not only reflects the efficiency of the algorithm, but also greatly reduces the burden of manual detection during long-term electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. In this work, a stacked one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model combined with a random selection and data augmentation (RS-DA) strategy is proposed for seizure onset detection. Firstly, we segmented the long-term EEG signals using 2-sec sliding windows. Then, the 2-sec interictal and ictal segments w…

Pairwise and higher-order measures of brain-heart interactions in children with temporal lobe epilepsy

2022

Abstract Objective. While it is well-known that epilepsy has a clear impact on the activity of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), its role on the complex interplay between CNS and ANS has not been fully elucidated yet. In this work, pairwise and higher-order predictability measures based on the concepts of Granger Causality (GC) and partial information decomposition (PID) were applied on time series of electroencephalographic (EEG) brain wave amplitude and heart rate variability (HRV) in order to investigate directed brain-heart interactions associated with the occurrence of focal epilepsy. Approach. HRV and the envelopes of δ and α EEG activity re…

Epilepsy stages diagnosis by Gabor atom density according to their aspect ratio

2008

During epilepsy seizure Electrocorticogram (ECoG) may change dramatically from a nearly chaotic signal (basal state) into a highly synchronized signal during a seizure, characterized by high amplitude and low frequency, and suddenly go back to the basal sate, making hard to identify them from time series. The epileptic seizure shows some stages as it is evolving, the here studied are: basal, preictal, ictal and posictal. As most of the bioelectrical signal, ECoG is a highly non periodical signal, so the most suitable techniques to analyze them are the Time-Frequency algorithms (T-F), allowing to follow up its frequency evolution through the seizure. Each seizure stage has a set of frequency…

Differences in visual information processing style between Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy with and without photosensitivity.

2021

Purpose: Recently, altered visual cortical processes i.e., lack of habituation to visual evoked potentials (VEP), has been highlighted in both photosensitive epilepsy and in a specific i.e., analytic mode of processing visual inputs. In this study we aimed at evaluating the relationship between photosensitivity (PS) and analytic style of processing visual information, in a sample of 30 patients with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy (IGE) and matched healthy controls. Methods: At our Epilepsy unit of the Sapienza University of Rome, we consecutively enrolled 15 patients with IGE with PSand matched them with 15 patients with IGE without PS and 15 Healthy Volunteers. All patients underwent EEG …