Search results for "equality"
showing 10 items of 1338 documents
Regional Inequalities in Consumption Patterns: A Multilevel Approach to the Case of Italy
2007
Summary The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the disparities in the Italian regions on the demand side. In more detail, an attempt will be made to find if the consumption behaviour of Italian households is different in the regions. With this in mind, Istat's 2000 Italian Family Budget data set was analysed. The data in question, which were collected through a two-stage sample over Italy's 20 regions, contains information regarding the expenses of approximately 23,000 households. In this analysis, both households and regions are considered as units: households are nested in the regions so that the basic data structure is hierarchical. In order to take this hierarchical structure into ac…
Interest rate gaps in an uncertain global context: why "too" low (high) for "so" long?
2022
We study the behaviour of real interest rate gaps-i.e. periods of real interest rates above (below) the natural interest rate-and link their length with a set of key observable determinants. Using quarterly data for 13 OECD countries over (close to) the last 60 years, we find that global risk-taking, CPI inflation, (un)conventional monetary policy, and income redistribution crucially shape the duration of both events. However, while labour-related supply-side factors appear to affect the length of positive interest rate gaps, the adoption of an inflation targeting regime and the current account balance seem to explain the duration of negative interest rate gaps. Our results suggest that the…
Sharp dimension free quantitative estimates for the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality
2017
We provide a full quantitative version of the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality: the difference between the Gaussian perimeter of a given set and a half-space with the same mass controls the gap between the norms of the corresponding barycenters. In particular, it controls the Gaussian measure of the symmetric difference between the set and the half-space oriented so to have the barycenter in the same direction of the set. Our estimate is independent of the dimension, sharp on the decay rate with respect to the gap and with optimal dependence on the mass.
How fair is an equitable distribution?
2006
Envy is a rather complex and irrational emotion. In general, it is very difficult to obtain a measure of this feeling, but in an economical context envy becomes an observable which can be measured. When various individuals compare their possessions, envy arises due to the inequality of their different allocations of commodities and different preferences. In this paper we show that an equitable distribution of goods does not guarantee a state of fairness between agents and in general that envy cannot be controlled by tuning the distribution of goods.
Latvia: Both Sides of the Economic Recovery Success Story
2016
Latvian social policy is close to the neoliberal model of the welfare state based on macroeconomic indicators of low welfare state spending, high income inequality, low minimum wage and low degree of decommodification. Latvia was among the first countries to be stung by the crisis in 2008. Key words became: austerity, fiscal consolidation and structural adjustment measures. A minimum social safety network was introduced to improve targeted social support. Funding from the European Social Fund was instrumental in mitigating unemployment, facilitating a large temporary works programme. Latvia joined the Euro zone in 2014 and is quite successfully returning loans. Such is one side of the succe…
Experience, Subjectivity and Politics in the Italian Feminist Movement
2006
This article describes the political practices of a part of the Italian women’s movement that, as of the 1980s, gave way to the sexual difference thought. Through a political analysis of their own experience, which removed any humanist identity assumptions, the women’s movement generated new practices and discourses. With these, women were able to exert self-criticism, and simultaneously to produce new subjectivities articulated around the sexual difference concept. The difference thought helped highlight the limits of institutional policy, renewing the premises of political analysis and redefining the borders of what was deemed to be ‘political’. Intended to foster dialogue with other femi…
Quasiadditivity of Variational Capacity
2013
We study the quasiadditivity property (a version of superadditivity with a multiplicative constant) of variational capacity in metric spaces with respect to Whitney type covers. We characterize this property in terms of a Mazya type capacity condition, and also explore the close relation between quasiadditivity and Hardy's inequality.
Sustainability and supply chain infrastructure development
2012
PurposeThis study aims to examine logistics infrastructure, trade differences, and environmental and social equity factors, for a set of 89 countries.Design/methodology/approachFollowing recent work which uses secondary data sources for supply chain research at the country‐level, data were obtained from the World Bank and International Monetary Fund databases. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to compute country‐level efficiencies and ANOVA was used to do regional comparisons.FindingsThe analysis shed light on country‐level dimensions of logistics infrastructure and trade performance. It also provided insights regarding environmental (e.g. CO2 emissions) and social equity (e.g. healt…
Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017
2019
Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained ra…
La educación en América Latina hoy en el horizonte de la agenda educativa post 2015
2016
The year 2030 marks the renewed limit adopted by the international community —through its governmental and non-governmental organizations— for the achievement of the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the six goals of the Education for All (EFA). We present here a general approach to some of the issues that define and condition the current state of education in Latin America in the wake of the post-2015 agenda. To this end, some key conditioning factors of the context, such as the social and economic inequality that characterizes the region, will be addressed. Likewise, documents generated within the governmental and institutional fields —directly related to education at all level…