Search results for "equilibrium"

Household Debt and Fiscal Multipliers

2015

We study the size of government spending multipliers in a general equilibrium model with search and matching frictions in which we allow for different levels of household indebtedness. The main results of the paper are: (a) the presence of impatient households and private debt helps generate government spending multipliers greater than 1; (b) as financial conditions worsen and impatient consumers find it more difficult to borrow (i.e. in a credit crunch), the size of the government spending multiplier falls; (c) conversely, employment, vacancies and unemployment multipliers are larger when access to credit becomes more difficult; and (d) the model explains the observed pattern of responses …

Electrical magnitudes in gravitational and centrifugal systems

1993

Abstract A new formulation to study the non-equilibrium processes in gravitational and centrifugal electrochemical systems is developed. The driving forces and the fluxes are measurable quantities. The electrical equilibrium and the pure electrical conduction are described in an evident, simple and exact manner. Theoretical expressions of the emf for several gravitational cells are shown. Some differences are observed with those given in the literature ( eg the terminals density does not appear). The electrochemical potential of ion species is the basic piece in this study.

Comparing RADseq and microsatellites for estimating genetic diversity and relatedness : Implications for brown trout conservation

2019

The conservation and management of endangered species requires information on their genetic diversity, relatedness and population structure. The main genetic markers applied for these questions are microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the latter of which remain the more resource demanding approach in most cases. Here, we compare the performance of two approaches, SNPs obtained by restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and 16 DNA microsatellite loci, for estimating genetic diversity, relatedness and genetic differentiation of three, small, geographically close wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations and a regionally used hatchery strain. The genetic di…

Modeling of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Using Dynamic Random Networks in an ABM Framework

2023

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is the fundamental principle of population genetics. In this article, we present a new NetLogo model called “Hardy-Weinberg Basic model v 2.0”, characterized by a strict adherence to the original assumptions made by Hardy and Weinberg in 1908. A particularly significant feature of this model is that the algorithm does not make use of the binomial expansion formula. Instead, we show that using a procedure based on dynamic random networks, diploid equilibrium can be achieved spontaneously by a population of agents reproducing sexually in a Mendelian fashion. The model can be used to conduct simulations with a wide range of initial population sizes and genotype distr…

Un approccio bayesiano per lo studio dell’associazione gene-ambiente in assenza di equilibrio di Hardy-Weinberg in un contesto multivariabile: studio…

2009

Alignement moléculaire : caractérisation et application à la mesure de thermalisation ultra-rapide et au contrôle de génération d'harmoniques

2013

The thematic of this thesis is molecular alignment. The latter is a very important topic that opens the way toward a much more thin control of many phenomenons. So, we have developed a new measurement technique of the molecular alignment along one axis that permits to preserve the sign of alignment. This one is, like other measurement techniques developed by the team,based on the measurement of the refractive index variation induced by the molecular alignment.The technique developed then also permits the molecular alignment measurement, being also an application of it because it allows the third harmonic generation. In the last study, molecular alignment is implemented to show that it bring…

Heat Capacity and entanglement

2012

Starting from a recent result on thermodynamic equilibrium of quantum systems, a connection between thermal properties, originating from Gibbs state probabilistic structure, and quantum correlations is discussed as a consequence of entanglement monogamy. As an example, a simple two-qubit system is analyzed, allowing for an expression of such a connection as an explicit function linking heat capacity to a measure of bipartite entanglement.

Spectral function of fermions in a highly occupied non-Abelian plasma

2022

We develop a method to obtain fermion spectral functions non-perturbatively in a non-Abelian gauge theory with high occupation numbers of gauge fields. After recovering the free field case, we extract the spectral function of fermions in a highly occupied non-Abelian plasma close to its non-thermal fixed point, i.e., in a self-similar regime of the non-equilibrium dynamics. We find good agreement with hard loop perturbation theory for medium-induced masses, dispersion relations and quasiparticle residues. We also extract the full momentum dependence of the damping rate of the collective excitations.

A theoretical and experimental study of the racemization process of hexaaza[5]helicenes

2014

A dynamic 1H NMR study, together with DFT calculations, of bis-([1,2,3]triazolo)[1,5-a:5′,1′-k][1,10]phenanthroline 2 has allowed to identify the ring and open forms of a new example of ring/chain tautomerism, as well as their interconversion barriers (ring/ring and ring/open). The barrier of the exchange process between the chain forms and the ring form was found higher than the 'racemization' process in the closed form, so the ring opening does not contribute to the 'racemization'. The di-1,10-methyl and di-1,10-iodo derivatives have been prepared and their properties calculated.

Testing for goodness rather than lack of fit of an X–chromosomal SNP to the Hardy-Weinberg model

2019

The problem of checking the genotype distribution obtained for some diallelic marker for compatibility with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) condition arises also for loci on the X chromosome. The possible genotypes depend on the sex of the individual in this case: for females, the genotype distribution is trinomial, as in the case of an autosomal locus, whereas a binomial proportion is observed for males. Like in genetic association studies with autosomal SNPs, interest is typically in establishing approximate compatibility of the observed genotype frequencies with HWE. This requires to replace traditional methods tailored for detecting lack of fit to the model with an equivalence test…