Search results for "equity"
showing 10 items of 399 documents
: Why are fifteen year old French students performing less than their counterparts from other countries ?
2003
Why are fifteen year old French students performing less than their counterparts from other countries ? The scores of French students at the PISA international assessment are disappointing. This article is an attempt to understand why, through a comparison between the French situation and that of those countries which outperform France. This country appears to be in a rather favourable situation regarding the family and students attitude towards schooling and regarding the organisational framework of schooling, while in a rather unfavourable one regarding the teacher's attitudes towards learning and pupils. The article also tries to see if the French system does not compensate by a high deg…
Emerging Market Contagion Under Geopolitical Uncertainty
2019
We find that 10 emerging stock markets have high risk of contagion on the regional level but lower spillover with respect to the global markets, implying a potential for diversification benefits between emerging and global markets. Regional market integration seems to have been caused by trade integration, which has a policy implication for trade agreements’ systemic risk effects. We find that the geopolitical risk has no impact on either the return, or volatility spillovers. However, the general stock market risk (VIX) is connected to individual market volatilities, while the oil market is largely receiving the spillovers from the other markets. peerReviewed
Understanding the Fundamental Mechanisms of Origin-Based Brand Value Creation: An Empirical Analysis
2014
This paper presents the results of an empirical study on the fundamental process of customer-based brand value creation based on brand origin associations. It extends existing knowledge by analyzing multiple paths of effect and incorporating the moderating role of COB-COM-congruency. The results offer valuable implications for marketing research and practice.
Towards more equity concerning quality of Urban Waste Management services in the context of cities
2018
Abstract An innovative combined evaluation approach is proposed in the present paper to deal with the issue of the performance measurement and comparison of Urban Waste Management (UWM) services in the context of cities. The ELECTRE III method is initially considered as tool able to execute a multi-criteria analysis aimed at ranking UWM systems based on their integration and sustainability levels. The latter are comprehensively evaluated via the recently developed “Wasteaware” Integrated and Sustainability Waste Management indicators framework, which takes into account physical components and governance aspects of UWM systems. Then, on the basis on ELECTRE III results, a practical gaps inve…
Measuring Brand Value: The Case of Romanian Public Traded Companies
2018
Abstract Today most of the world's products benefit from a huge success because of a big brand. If in the past this was the case for the luxury industry where the power of branding it's reaching the consumer in the most impactful way. First by the mystery surrounding the brand, then by keeping the consumer as loyal as possible, the result being huge revenues for this brands, for, eg. LVMH, the largest group by revenue. But things are no longer the same, today the power of branding and huge revenues moved to another industry flourished, tech industry, where companies like Apple, Google, Facebook, Amazon, dominate their sectors benefiting from a strong brand name.
A System of Equity Indicators for Educational Systems
2001
International audience; Si l'on admet que l'équité d'un système éducatif d'une part ne se mesure pas seulement à la dimension, certes importante, des inégalités sociales d'accès à l'enseignement supérieur, mais peut mobiliser d'autres objets, d'autres catégories, et d'autres principes de justice ; si l'on admet aussi que l'équité d'un système éducatif ne se mesure pas directement, mais dans la capacité de ce système à corriger un certain nombre d'inégalités initiales, dont l'ampleur peut varier d'un pays à l'autre ; si l'on admet enfin que l'équité d'un système éducatif ne s'appréhende pas seulement par des indicateurs internes, mais aussi par la capacité dudit système à instaurer une socié…
Fair Kernel Learning
2017
New social and economic activities massively exploit big data and machine learning algorithms to do inference on people’s lives. Applications include automatic curricula evaluation, wage determination, and risk assessment for credits and loans. Recently, many governments and institutions have raised concerns about the lack of fairness, equity and ethics in machine learning to treat these problems. It has been shown that not including sensitive features that bias fairness, such as gender or race, is not enough to mitigate the discrimination when other related features are included. Instead, including fairness in the objective function has been shown to be more efficient.
La gobernanza compartida y la razonabilidad como aportaciones éticas a la política sanitaria
2013
La salud es uno de los derechos humanos fundamentales. Reconocerla como tal conlleva la obligación estatal de garantizar un mínimo de oportunidades para mantenerla o recuperarla cuando se pierde. Ese mínimo puede quedar sin cubrir en épocas de crisis económica, como la que estamos viviendo. La medicina gestionada (managed care) centrada en lo económico surgió tras la crisis de 1973, con el objetivo de condicionar las decisiones clínicas por factores económicos. En la práctica, la medicina gestionada convirtió el control de los costes económicos en un fin en sí mismo olvidando la equidad, por lo que ha sido cuestionada éticamente. Desde entonces, muchos autores han afrontado la tarea de comp…
Taxation in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies: Similarities and Differences Between Countries from Europe and Central Asia
2018
The studies and the research from specialty literature demonstrate that a free-open policy and an efficient governance of the economy are the basic pillars for economic and social growth, taxation having an essential role in the life of any nation. A fiscal system based on horizontal and vertical equity, stability, predictability, and efficiency contributes significantly to the sustainability of public finances. Based on these considerations, through this article, we will highlight the main similarities and differences in the field of taxation at the level of countries that are included in the emerging market and middle-income economies category from Europe and Central Asia, to identify bes…
The Role of Geographic Technologies in the Measure of Spatial Equity. Twenty-First Century Solutions for Old Geographical Issues
2019
In Western societies, the development of the Welfare State has been accompanied by the proposal of different models of spatial organisation that help to improve spatial equity, this being a priority object of all public policy because it clearly contributes to the achievement of a greater social cohesion. Geography has contributed, from Christaller to the present, to propose territorial models that help to optimise the location of activities and services, using spatial statistics and digital cartography. At present, the study of spatial equity is again receiving the attention of the academy, in particular as regards the provision of public services and facilities in urban and metropolitan a…