Search results for "ethic"
showing 10 items of 2395 documents
The Role of Explainable AI in the Research Field of AI Ethics
2023
Ethics of Artiicial Intelligence (AI) is a growing research ield that has emerged in response to the challenges related to AI. Transparency poses a key challenge for implementing AI ethics in practice. One solution to transparency issues is AI systems that can explain their decisions. Explainable AI (XAI) refers to AI systems that are interpretable or understandable to humans. The research ields of AI ethics and XAI lack a common framework and conceptualization. There is no clarity of the ield’s depth and versatility. A systematic approach to understanding the corpus is needed. A systematic review ofers an opportunity to detect research gaps and focus points. This paper presents the results…
Human-centricity in AI governance : A systemic approach
2023
Human-centricity is considered a central aspect in the development and governance of artificial intelligence (AI). Various strategies and guidelines highlight the concept as a key goal. However, we argue that current uses of Human-Centered AI (HCAI) in policy documents and AI strategies risk downplaying promises of creating desirable, emancipatory technology that promotes human wellbeing and the common good. Firstly, HCAI, as it appears in policy discourses, is the result of aiming to adapt the concept of human-centered design (HCD) to the public governance context of AI but without proper reflection on how it should be reformed to suit the new task environment. Second, the concept is mainl…
Ethical Climate as Social Norm: Impact on Judgements and Behavioral Intentions in the Workplace.
2021
We present a study that looks at the relationship between the ethical climate, considered as a set of social norms, and judgments and behaviors in the workplace. In this case we think that an ethical rule reflecting the climate is only actualized in conduct and/or decisions if the rule is applicable, is shared, and is the subject of social expectations. A total of 277 professionals responded to a questionnaire measuring the normativity of three ethical rules, socio-moral judgment, trust in supervisors, turnover intention, and discrimination as well as abusive supervision. The results confirm our hypothesis. This leads to a different view of how the ethical climate is measured and constructe…
Rol del perito psicólogo en el ámbito judicial
2008
In the field of Justice, a psychologist acts as a Psychology Expert and assists the Judge by supplying psychological techniques within a frame which is different from the clinic one. In this environment, the role of the psychologist is to diagnose and evaluate the psychological harm a person could have suffered as a consequence of a harmful event for example an accident, so that the victim may receive the corresponding money compensation. A psychology expert also acts in case of minor guardianship, divorce, mala praxis etc. Our proposal is to continue investigating in order to re-define the concept of psychological harm and to design new tables for determining the harm percentage.
Drug resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia at Tehran hospitals during 2009-2011
2013
Introduction: Nosocomial pneumonia remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Surveillance programs play an important role in the identification of common etiologic agents and local patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Methodology: In this study we determined the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia during 2009 to 2011. Results: A total of 642 bacteria were isolated from 516 suspected samples. Acinetobacter baumannii (21.1%, n = 136), was the commonest isolated pathogen followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.4%, n = 112) , Staphylococcus aureus (15.8%, n = 102) and enterococci (8.4% n = 54). The most …
The importance of moral sensitivity when including persons with dementia in qualitative research
2012
Author's version of an article in the journal: Nursing Ethics. Also avaliable from the publisher at: httjp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733012455564 The aim of the article is to show the importance of moral sensitivity when including persons with dementia in research. The article presents and discusses ethical challenges encountered when a total of fifteen persons with dementia from two nursing homes and seven proxies were included in a qualitative study. The examples show that ethical challenges may be unpredictable. As researcher you participate with the informants in their daily life and in the interview situation, and it is not possible to plan all that may happen. A procedural proposal to …
Espiral. Cuadernos del profesorado
2012
La música tiene la capacidad de transmitir conocimientos, habilidades y valores intrínsecos a la cultura del compositor, y al mismo tiempo transmite emociones y sentimientos comunes a todas las culturas; por ello puede decirse que la música es un instrumento idóneo para el establecimiento de un diálogo intercultural. La acción comunicativa musical siempre ha sido objeto de análisis; aunque ha sido la falta de diálogo cultural la que ha aumentado la consideración de que la música puede posibilitar el camino hacia la adquisición de la Interculturalidad. Este artículo muestra cómo la música favorece el proceso comunicativo intercultural, al considerarse como la principal herramienta de trabajo…
Motor Vehicles Not Used in Road Traffic Are Also Subject to Compulsory Insurance in Europe - CJEU Clarification in Case C-80/17
2019
The article analyses a recent significant case in the Court of Justice of the European Union on the extent of compulsory insurance in the field of motor insurance. The judgment delivered by the Grand Chamber of the CJEU on 04 September 2018 clarifies the obligation to conclude a motor insurance contract in a situation when a motor vehicle is no longer intended to be used in road traffic. If previously there was no doubt that motor vehicles that are used in road traffic are subject to compulsory insurance, it was unclear whether compulsory insurance in the field of motor insurance also extends to vehicles which are no longer intended to be used in road traffic. The Court formulated the ‘thre…
Ethical Dilemmas in Finnish Debt Collection – An Explorative Case Study
2016
It is inevitable that ethical questions arise in debt collection organizations and leadership, which is then good ground to identify whether debt collection is good or evil. Therefore we consider that a good standpoint for qualitatively explain the ethical dilemmas arising in our case study context. The article adopts a case study approach to examine Finnish Collection Agency Ltd., and applies a qualitative content analysis of interview data gathered by asking five employees to answer ten questions about how they see conflicts between their work and their own ethical thoughts. We obtained a rich description of the issues facing the debt collection business in Finland. In addition, the conce…