Search results for "evidentia"

Beyond Evidentiality. The epistemic function of the suffix -wa in Aymara

2021

In contrast to the specialized literature (Hardman 1986, 2001; Martinez-Vera 2020), this paper questions the direct evidential function of the sentence-type suffix -wa in «Northern Aymara» (Cerrón-Palomino 2000), an understudied Andean language spoken in the area around Lake Titicaca. By taking a narrow perspective on evidentiality, it proposes that -wa is a modal epistemic marker that indicates the speaker’s high commitment to information. Semantic considerations that support this proposal focus on both the interplay of -wa with other grammatical categories and its distribution within the sentence. Additionally, considerations on the scope properties of the suffix, as applied by Hengeveld …

Health on the net: the doctor answers

2011

This study is intended to provide new insights into web-based discourse on medical exchanges in doctor-patient communication. The global net system have certainly played an important role in the increase and the following modification of communication dynamics. However, in particular situation such as doctor-patient interviews, computer mediated communication is still a limit. This paper is based on two lines of research in language studies, namely the studies of language corpus and studies of communication in health encounters. The corpus is formed by the medical entries that appeared in biomedical/health service sites. The samples collected were analysed in order to find discourse pattern…

THE EXPRESSION OF EVIDENTIALITY IN SPOKEN AND WRITTEN TEXTS: EMPIRICAL APPROACHES TO ROMANCE LANGUAGES

2020

Evidentiality is a grammatical category that encodes information source as its primary meaning. The information can be: acquired through direct perception, reported by others (hearsay) or inferred by the speaker upon considering the information that is available. Languages with an evidential grammatical category have morphemes with a primary evidential value (Aikhenvald 2004). Nevertheless, Romance languages, like many other languages, have a tense- modal system and lack an evidential grammatical category, instead of which several lexical units or certain constructions convey information source. This special issue is devoted to some of those items, such as modal adverbs, evidential meanings…

On Conditions Instantiating Tip Effects of Epistemic and Evidential Meanings in Bulgarian

2012

Статья посвящена условиям, при которых происходит попеременная актуализация то эвиденциального, то эпистемического компонента в семантическом потенциале эвиденциальных показателей болгарского языка. Сосредоточиваясь на сентенциальных наречиях с инферентивными функциями, мы опираемся на следующие предпосылки: (i) для каждой единицы следует отличать её устойчивое семантическое значение от прагматического потенциала, выявлению которого способствуют (или препятствуют) те или иные коммуникативные условия; (ii) эвиденциальные и эпистемические компоненты значения довольно легко вытесняют друг друга из позиции доминанты, причём процесс подавления то одного, то другого компонента обусловлен действие…

The foundations of decision theory: An intuitive, operational approach with mathematical extensions

1985

A new axiomatic basis for the foundations of decision theory is introduced and its mathematical development outlined. The system combines direct intuitive operational appeal with considerable structural flexibility in the resulting mathematical framework.

Survey of methods to visualize alternatives in multiple criteria decision making problems

2012

When solving decision problems where multiple conflicting criteria are to be considered simultaneously, decision makers must compare several different alternatives and select the most preferred one. The task of comparing multidimensional vectors is very demanding for the decision maker without any support. Different graphical visualization tools can be used to support and help the decision maker in understanding similarities and differences between the alternatives and graphical illustration is a very important part of decision support systems that are used in solving multiple criteria decision making problems. The visualization task is by no means trivial because, on the one hand, the grap…

A multiple criteria decision model for analyzing and choosing among different development patterns for the Helsinki cargo harbor

1999

Abstract This paper describes a real application of a multicriteria approach to choosing among different options for developing the Helsinki harbor. In addition to the environmental impact assessment procedure, an analysis of the alternatives using the SMAA-method (Stochastic Multiobjective Acceptability Analysis) is carried out. The method applied here has been developed for situations in which the use of decision-makers’ preference information is not possible. Instead, the problem is described by typical weight vectors leading to each solution, taking into account the evident uncertainty embedded in the criteria values.

Evidentiality and Commitment: An example from Sports Medical Writing

2014

Chapter 7. Evidentiality and epistemic modality in Old Catalan

2018

Ante oculos. Elementi di cultura visuale nell'eloquenza ciceroniana

2021

Within the vast area of research relating to visual strategies as a rhetorical means par excellence, the paper deals with Cicero’s way of using the term ante oculos and other related expressions in the orations. Due to the frequent and seemingly deliberate use of these expressive means, we can assume that there was a precise communication strategy aimed at exploiting the potential of rhetoric to connect, in an effective and productive way, image and speech, visual strategies and the evocative power of words.