Search results for "evolutionary"

Origin and Diet of the Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers on the Mediterranean Island of Favignana (Ègadi Islands, Sicily)

2012

Hunter-gatherers living in Europe during the transition from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene intensified food acquisition by broadening the range of resources exploited to include marine taxa. However, little is known on the nature of this dietary change in the Mediterranean Basin. A key area to investigate this issue is the archipelago of the Ègadi Islands, most of which were connected to Sicily until the early Holocene. The site of Grotta d'Oriente, on the present-day island of Favignana, was occupied by hunter-gatherers when Postglacial environmental changes were taking place (14,000-7,500 cal BP). Here we present the results of AMS radiocarbon dating, palaeogenetic and isotopic ana…

Reproductive and developmental phenomena in annelids: a source of exemplary research problems

1999

Specific traits of reproduction, of early and postembryonic development and of sexual maturation in annelids are reported, and the existing and expected contributions to this field from the study of annelids are discussed. The study of early development, as in other spiralians, reveals the existence of canonical cleavage patterns and the combined action of antithetical principles, namely determination by stereotypic sorting-out of ‘determinants’ and determination depending upon the interactions between the blastomeres. A high potential of information about the processes of metameric trunk segment formation and of segment specification has only begun to be exploited in annelids. Epitoky, the…

Growth and senescence in the Lowest Metazoa, the porifera: Molecular evolution of apoptotic pathways

1999

Book Review: Cytochromes C. Evolutionary, Structural and Physicochemical Aspects. (Springer Series in Molecular Biology). By G. R. Moore And G. W. Pe…

1992

Unknown order process emulation

2002

Approaches the emulation problem using feedforward neural networks of single input single output (SISO) processes, applying a backpropagation method with a higher convergence rate. In this kind of application, difficult problems appear when the system's order is a priori unknown. A search through the SISO processes space is proposed, aiming to find a favorable neural emulator over the training examples set.

PARAMETER BOUNDED ESTIMATION FOR QUASISPECIES MODELS OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION

2006

Abstract The Quasispecies models identification for Evolutionary Dynamics is considered in a worst-case deterministic setting. These models analyze the DNA and RNA evolution or describe the population dynamics of viruses and bacteria. In this paper we identify the Fitness and the Replication Probability parameters of a genetic sequences, subject to a set of stringent constraints to have physical meaning and to guarantee positiveness. The conditional central estimate and the Uncertainty Intervals are determined. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure has been illustrated by means of simulation experiments while tests on real data are under concern.

Preliminary evaluation of sixPrunusrootstocks for peach in Italy

2018

In Italy, the evaluation of rootstocks is supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and carried out in a network of trials along the Country. This study evaluated growth and yield performance of ‘Big Top’ nectarine and ‘Rome Star’ peach grafted on six rootstocks of different origin and vigor, namely GF677 (the most widespread in Italy), Garnem, Adesoto, RootPac®20, RootPac®40, and RootPac®90, in three different locations, Castelvetrano (Sicily), Forlì and Cesena (Emilia-Romagna). Yield, number of fruits, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), average fruit weight, flesh firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) were determined at the third leaf (2015). In all sites, tree…

Functional Redundancy and Complementarities of Seed Dispersal by the Last Neotropical Megafrugivores

2013

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:28:22Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:42:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84873586375.pdf: 1508075 bytes, checksum: 7e697f6c67a83195e9b0cb525355980e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-07 Background: Functional redundancy has been debated largely in ecology and conservation, yet we lack detailed empirical studies on the roles of functionally similar species in ecosystem function. Large bodied frugivores may disperse similar plant species and have strong impact on plant recruitment in tropical forests. Th…

Altered epiphyte community and sea urchin diet in Posidonia oceanica meadows in the vicinity of volcanic CO2 vents

2017

Ocean acidification (OA) predicted for 2100 is expected to shift seagrass epiphyte communities towards the dominance of more tolerant non-calcifying taxa. However, little is known about the indirect effects of such changes on food provision to key seagrass consumers. We found that epiphyte communities of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in two naturally acidified sites (i.e. north and south sides of a volcanic CO2 vent) and in a control site away from the vent at the Ischia Island (NW Mediterranean Sea) significantly differed in composition and abundance. Such differences involved a higher abundance of non-calcareous crustose brown algae and a decline of calcifying polychaetes in both acidif…

Five key attributes can increase marine protected areas performance for small-scale fisheries management

2016

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) have largely proven to be effective tools for conserving marine ecosystem, while socio-economic benefits generated by MPAs to fisheries are still under debate. Many MPAs embed a no-take zone, aiming to preserve natural populations and ecosystems, within a buffer zone where potentially sustainable activities are allowed. Small-scale fisheries (SSF) within buffer zones can be highly beneficial by promoting local socio-economies. However, guidelines to successfully manage SSFs within MPAs, ensuring both conservation and fisheries goals, and reaching a win-win scenario, are largely unavailable. From the peer-reviewed literature, grey-literature and intervie…