Search results for "example"

showing 10 items of 114 documents

Oscillatory Behavior of Second-Order Nonlinear Neutral Differential Equations

2014

Published version of an article in the journal: Abstract and Applied Analysis. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/143614 Open Access We study oscillatory behavior of solutions to a class of second-order nonlinear neutral differential equations under the assumptions that allow applications to differential equations with delayed and advanced arguments. New theorems do not need several restrictive assumptions required in related results reported in the literature. Several examples are provided to show that the results obtained are sharp even for second-order ordinary differential equations and improve related contributions to the subject.

Class (set theory)Article SubjectDifferential equationlcsh:MathematicsApplied MathematicsDelay differential equationlcsh:QA1-939VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Mathematics: 410::Analysis: 411Integrating factorExamples of differential equationsStochastic partial differential equationNonlinear systemOrdinary differential equationCalculusApplied mathematicsAnalysisMathematicsAbstract and Applied Analysis
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Asymptotic Behavior of Higher-Order Quasilinear Neutral Differential Equations

2014

Published version of an article in the journal: Abstract and Applied Analysis. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/395368 Open Access We study asymptotic behavior of solutions to a class of higher-order quasilinear neutral differential equations under the assumptions that allow applications to even- and odd-order differential equations with delayed and advanced arguments, as well as to functional differential equations with more complex arguments that may, for instance, alternate indefinitely between delayed and advanced types. New theorems extend a number of results reported in the literature. Illustrative examples are presented.

Class (set theory)Article SubjectDifferential equationlcsh:MathematicsApplied MathematicsMathematical analysisDelay differential equationlcsh:QA1-939VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Mathematics: 410::Analysis: 411Stochastic partial differential equationExamples of differential equationsOrder (group theory)Neutral differential equationsAnalysisMathematics
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A counterexample to Feit's Problem VIII on decomposition numbers

2016

We find a counterexample to Feit's Problem VIII on the bound of decomposition numbers. This also answers a question raised by T. Holm and W. Willems.

CombinatoricsAlgebra and Number Theory010102 general mathematics0103 physical sciencesDecomposition (computer science)FOS: Mathematics010307 mathematical physics0101 mathematicsRepresentation Theory (math.RT)01 natural sciencesMathematics - Representation TheoryMathematicsCounterexample
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Poincaré Week in Göttingen, 22–28 April 1909

2018

When Paul Wolfskehl died in 1906, his will established a prize for the first mathematician who could supply a proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem, or give a counterexample refuting it. The interest from this prize money was later used to bring world-renowned mathematicians to Gottingen to deliver a series of lectures. Hilbert was apparently very pleased with this arrangement, and once jested that the only thing that kept him from proving Fermat’s famous conjecture was the thought of killing the goose that laid these golden eggs.

CombinatoricsFermat's Last Theoremsymbols.namesakeConjectureSeries (mathematics)PhilosophyPoincaré conjecturesymbolsCounterexample
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Counterexamples to the Kneser conjecture in dimension four.

1995

We construct a connected closed orientable smooth four-manifold whose fundamental group is the free product of two non-trivial groups such that it is not homotopy equivalent toM 0#M 1 unlessM 0 orM 1 is homeomorphic toS 4. LetN be the nucleus of the minimal elliptic Enrique surfaceV 1(2, 2) and putM=N∪ ∂NN. The fundamental group ofM splits as ℤ/2 * ℤ/2. We prove thatM#k(S 2×S2) is diffeomorphic toM 0#M 1 for non-simply connected closed smooth four-manifoldsM 0 andM 1 if and only ifk≥8. On the other hand we show thatM is homeomorphic toM 0#M 1 for closed topological four-manifoldsM 0 andM 1 withπ 1(Mi)=ℤ/2.

CombinatoricsFundamental groupConjectureFree productGeneral MathematicsHomotopyDimension (graph theory)DiffeomorphismCounterexampleMathematics
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Convergence of Markov Chains

2020

We consider a Markov chain X with invariant distribution π and investigate conditions under which the distribution of X n converges to π as n→∞. Essentially it is necessary and sufficient that the state space of the chain cannot be decomposed into subspaces that the chain does not leave, or that are visited by the chain periodically; e.g., only for odd n or only for even n.

CombinatoricsMarkov chain mixing timeMarkov chainChain (algebraic topology)Markov renewal processBalance equationAdditive Markov chainMarkov propertyExamples of Markov chainsMathematics
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Historical Notes on Star Geometry in Mathematics, Art and Nature

2018

Gamma: “I can. Look at this Counterexample 3: a star-polyhedron I shall call it urchin. This consists of 12 star-pentagons. It has 12 vertices, 30 edges, and 12 pentagonal faces-you may check it if you like by counting. Thus the Descartes-Euler thesis is not true at all, since for this polyhedron \(V - E + F = - 6\)”. Delta: “Why do you think that your ‘urchin’ is a polyhedron?” Gamma: “Do you not see? This is a polyhedron, whose faces are the twelve star-pentagons”. Delta: “But then you do not even know what a polygon is! A star-pentagon is certainly not a polygon!”

CombinatoricsPolyhedronMathematics::History and OverviewPolygonMathematics::Metric GeometryComputer Science::Computational GeometryStar (graph theory)History of Mathematics Star polygons and polyhedra.MathematicsCounterexample
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Income distribution dynamics: monotone Markov chains make light work

1995

This paper considers some aspects of the dynamics of income distributions by employing a simple Markov chain model of income mobility. The main motivation of the paper is to introduce the techniques of “monotone” Markov chains to this field. The transition matrix of a discrete Markov chain is called monotone if each row stochastically dominates the row above it. It will be shown that by embedding the dynamics of the income distribution in a monotone Markov chain, a number of interesting results may be obtained in a straightforward and intuitive fashion.

Continuous-time Markov chainEconomics and EconometricsMathematical optimizationMarkov kernelMarkov chain mixing timeMarkov chainVariable-order Markov modelApplied mathematicsMarkov propertyExamples of Markov chainsMarkov modelSocial Sciences (miscellaneous)MathematicsSocial Choice and Welfare
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Leveraging Specific Contexts and Outcomes to Generalize in Combinatorial Settings

2018

International audience; Generalization is a fundamental aspect of mathematics, and it is a practice with which undergraduate students should engage and gain fluency. It is important for students in combinatorial settings to be able to generalize, but combinatorics lends itself to engagement with specific examples, concrete outcomes, and particular contexts. In this paper, we seek to inform the nature of generalization in combinatorial settings by demonstrating ways in which students leverage specific, concrete settings to engage in generalizing activity in combinatorics. We provide two data examples that highlight ways in which concrete and specific ideas can be leveraged to help students d…

Discrete MathematicsCombinatorics[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education[MATH.MATH-HO]Mathematics [math]/History and Overview [math.HO][SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education[MATH.MATH-HO] Mathematics [math]/History and Overview [math.HO]ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATIONGeneralizationExamples
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On the number of constituents of products of characters

2022

It has been conjectured that if the number of distinct irreducible constituents of the product of two faithful irreducible characters of a finite p-group, for p ≥ 5, is bigger than (p + 1)/2, then it is at least p. We give a counterexample to this conjecture.

Discrete mathematicsAlgebra and Number TheoryConjectureApplied MathematicsProduct (mathematics)FOS: MathematicsGroup Theory (math.GR)Mathematics::Representation TheoryMathematics - Group TheoryCounterexampleMathematics
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