Search results for "existential"
showing 10 items of 368 documents
Jean-Paul Sartre: dalla fenomenologia trascendentale all’ontologia fenomenologica
2022
Tra le numerose opere di Jean-Paul Sartre, la monografia del 1943 su “L’essere e il nulla” viene comunemente considerata lo scritto fondamentale del filosofo francese. Quest’opera risulta essere l’esplicazione, o la maturazione, della fenomenologia trascendentale assimilata da Sartre negli anni della sua giovinezza. Among the numerous works of Jean-Paul Sartre, the 1943 monograph on “Being and Nothingness” is commonly considered the French philosopher's fundamental writing. This work turns out to be the explication, or the maturation, of the transcendental phenomenology assimilated by Sartre in the years of his youth.
Tension between freedom and dependence-A challenge for residents who live in nursing homes.
2017
Aims and objectives To present results from interviews of older people living in nursing homes, on how they experience freedom. Background We know that freedom is an existential human matter, and research shows that freedom remains important throughout life. Freedom is also important for older people, but further research is needed to determine how these people experience their freedom. The background for this article was a Scandinavian study that occurred in nursing homes; the purpose of the study was to gain knowledge about whether the residents felt that their dignity was maintained and respected. Design The design was hermeneutic, with qualitative research interviews. Method Twenty-eigh…
De Finnis cornutis
2014
<p><em>Horned Finns</em>. The ‘cornuti Finni’ mentioned in the <em>Historia Norwegiae</em> have not found their explanation, because the Latin word <em>cornu</em>, from which the adjective is derived, has been understood in the strict sense of ‘horn on the head’. The Latin word, however, also means ‘hoof’ of horses or ‘cloven hoof’ of cows and goats, even of the mythologic Faunus and Pan. In December 1913 Kai Donner saw in Dudinka Avam-Samojeds, who because of their cylindrically shaped reindeer winter boots, the front of which was hoof-shaped, were called ‘hoofed men’ (in Finnish ‘kaviolliset miehet’). In the extracts of Aristeas of Proconnesus, wh…
To work or to care? Working women's decision-making
2015
Recent changes in older people's public care services in Nordic countries in particular in Finland and Sweden are based on implicit expectations that family members will increase their involvement in care. In Nordic countries, the care of small children has been acknowledged to be a social matter that concerns gender equality and the work life participation of both men and women, while the situation of working carers of older people is much less acknowledged. This study addressed the question of how Finnish working women who give care to their older parents argue for and against their decisions of working and caring and the meaning of work and care in these decisions. Majority of the interv…
Local Normal Forms for First-Order Logic with Applications to Games and Automata
1999
Building on work of Gaifman [Gai82] it is shown that every first-order formula is logically equivalent to a formula of the form ∃ x_1,...,x_l, \forall y, φ where φ is r-local around y, i.e. quantification in φ is restricted to elements of the universe of distance at most r from y. \par From this and related normal forms, variants of the Ehrenfeucht game for first-order and existential monadic second-order logic are developed that restrict the possible strategies for the spoiler, one of the two players. This makes proofs of the existence of a winning strategy for the duplicator, the other player, easier and can thus simplify inexpressibility proofs. \par As another application, automata mode…
On the Relationship Between “Education” and “Critical Thinking”
2019
In view of recent international efforts to identify and measure the ability “critical thinking,” this paper attempts to trace and reconstruct the core meaning of this concept in the light of its conceptual history in the German terminology of educational philosophy and research. In doing so, it becomes evident that it is necessary to clarify the relationship between “critical thinking” and “education,” both understood as terms designating a mental state. In German as well as in English educational research, it seems to be the prevailing view that “critical thinking” is a partial meaning, a facet, of “education” (in the sense of “being well educated”). The German language, however, different…
Love, joy and necessity - A phenomenological study of food and meals in adolescents and young adults with cancer receiving high-emetogenic chemothera…
2021
Abstract Purpose This study explored how the phenomenon of meals appeared in the interrelationship between adolescents and young adults (AYAs) receiving high-emetogenic chemotherapy, their next of kin and health professionals in the clinical setting. Method Data were collected by 140 h of participant observation conducted to gain insights into the nature of how meals appeared in the interrelationship between 12 AYAs (age 15–29 years), their next-of-kin and health professionals. The AYAs were patients with oncological and haematological diseases recruited from three university hospital departments. Data analysis was guided by van Manen's hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. Results The ess…
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING AS DETERMINANTS OF PURPOSE IN LIFE IN OLD AGE
2018
AbstractPurpose in life reflects the feeling of having goals and meaning in life. Higher purpose in life has been shown to predict better health outcomes in old age and even buffer against mortality. However, it is not known how current health and functional status reflect on the possibilities of older people to live a meaningful life. Therefore, this study aimed to explore associations of health and physical functioning with purpose in life. The participants were 273 community-dwelling 75-year-old men and women from the AGNES study. Purpose in life was assessed with the subscale of the Scales of Psychological well-being (range 7–42). Current health situation and walking ability were self-r…
Chance and Causality in Ageing and Longevity
2019
Longevity is not a matter of genes. This is the message that appeared last year in all the newspapers of the world, according to a study due to a joint venture between the statisticians of Ancestry and Calico Life Sciences that has dissected the genealogical trees of 400 million individuals, tracing back generations, and including dates of birth, death, places, and family ties. The genes would have little to do with longevity: in a percentage perhaps even less than 10% [1]. However, this extensive study has analysed the influence of genetics in terms of lifespan, but not in terms of longevity. Longevity may be defined in relative and absolute terms [2]. Longevity, indeed, may be considered …
Espiritualidad en atención paliativa: Evidencias sobre la intervención con counselling
2015
ResumenLas necesidades espirituales, cuando son elaboradas de forma efectiva, ayudarán a la persona al final de la vida a encontrar significado, mantener la esperanza y aceptar la muerte. El counselling es una de las terapias más utilizadas para mejorar estas necesidades. El objetivo del presente trabajo es ofrecer evidencia sobre la eficacia de esta terapia para la mejora de la espiritualidad de los pacientes atendidos en diversos dispositivos de salud. Para conseguirlo, se llevó a cabo una intervención de tres semanas en 131 pacientes de atención domiciliaria y hospitalizados. Tenían una edad media de 70.61 años (DT = 11.17). El 51.1% eran hombres. Se evaluó la espiritualidad de los pacie…