Search results for "extravasation"
showing 10 items of 49 documents
A Novel Cervical Spinal Cord Window Preparation Allows for Two-Photon Imaging of T-Cell Interactions with the Cervical Spinal Cord Microvasculature d…
2017
T-cell migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple scle rosis (MS). Two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) has been established as a powerful tool to study cell-cell interactions in inflammatory EAE lesions in living animals. In EAE, central nervous system inflammation is strongly pronounced in the spinal cord, an organ in which 2P-IVM imaging is technically very challenging and has been limited to the lumbar spinal cord. Here, we describe a novel spinal cord window preparation allowing to use 2P-IVM to image immune cell interactions with the cervical spinal cord micro…
Iron-loaded transferrin (Tf) is detrimental whereas iron-free Tf confers protection against brain ischemia by modifying blood Tf saturation and subse…
2018
Despite transferrin being the main circulating carrier of iron in body fluids, and iron overload conditions being known to worsen stroke outcome through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage, the contribution of blood transferrin saturation (TSAT) to stroke brain damage is unknown. The objective of this study was to obtain evidence on whether TSAT determines the impact of experimental ischemic stroke on brain damage and whether iron-free transferrin (apotransferrin, ATf)-induced reduction of TSAT is neuroprotective. We found that experimental ischemic stroke promoted an early extravasation of circulating iron-loaded transferrin (holotransferrin, HTf) to the ischemic brain parenchyma.…
Interaction of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in human skin.
2016
Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) are neuropeptides that are simultaneously released from nociceptive C-fibers. CGRP is a potent vasodilator, inducing a long-lasting increase in superficial skin blood flow, whereas SP induces only a brief vasodilation but a significant plasma extravasation. CGRP and SP may play important roles in the pathophysiology of various pain states but little is known about their interaction. Different concentrations of SP (ranging from 10-5M to 10-9M) were applied to the volar forearm of 24 healthy subjects via dermal microdialysis. SP was applied either alone or in combination with CGRP10-9M and CGRP 10-6M. As expected, SP induced a transi…
Immunomodulatory Therapy of Inflammatory Liver Disease Using Selectin-Binding Glycopolymers
2017
Immunotherapies have the potential to significantly advance treatment of inflammatory disease and cancer, which are in large part driven by immune cells. Selectins control the first step in immune cell adhesion and extravasation, thereby guiding leukocyte trafficking to tissue lesions. We analyzed four different highly specific selectin-binding glycopolymers, based on linear poly(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide (PHPMA) polymers. These glycopolymers contain either the tetrasaccharide sialyl-LewisX (SLeX) or the individual carbohydrates fucose, galactose, and sialic acids mimicking the complex SLeX binding motive. The glycopolymers strongly bind to primary human macrophages, without activatin…
Thoracoscopic sympathectomy at the T2 or T3 level facilitates bradykinin-induced protein extravasation in human forearm skin.
2010
Background. The endogenous peptide bradykinin (BK) is an inflammatory mediator that induces nociceptor activation and sensitization as well as protein extravasation and vasodilation. Objective. To test the hypothesis if sympathectomy affects BK-induced inflammation in humans. Methods. Dermal microdialysis was employed on the volar forearm in 10 patients (21–41 years) with regional hyperhidrosis before and three months after preganglionic endoscopic transthoracic sympathetic clipping (ETSC) at the T2 or T3 level and in 10 healthy volunteers (22–36 years). After 60 minutes perfusion with Ringer's solution microdialysis fibers were perfused with BK 10−7 M and 10−5 M for 30 minutes followed …
Local reactions to tick bites
2008
A retrospective histological and immunohistochemical study has been carried out in 25 cases of tick bites recorded in our Departments. The samples that included an attached tick showed a cement cone anchoring the mouthparts to the skin and a blood-soaked, spongiform appearance of the superficial dermis, with a mild neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltration. The vessels displayed a loose multilayered endothelial proliferation, with plump endothelia, permeated with erythrocytes. A few of them were severed, allowing copious blood extravasation. The established lesions included the following: erythema chronicum migrans-like cases, foreign body granulomas-sometimes containing remnants of the mo…
Substance-P-induced protein extravasation is bilaterally increased in complex regional pain syndrome.
2003
Pain, mechanical hyperalgesia, edema, increased skin temperature, and skin reddening are characteristic symptoms of acute complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). We have recently demonstrated facilitated neurogenic inflammation on the affected limb. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, exogenous substance P (SP) in ascending concentrations (10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6) M) was intradermally applied to the affected and the unaffected limbs, respectively, in two groups of 11 CRPS patients each using the microdialysis technique. Fourteen healthy volunteers served as controls for SP application, and 9 volunteers and 10 patients served as controls for saline perfusion. Dialysate prote…
Surgical Treatment of Extravasation Injuries
2005
The authors present their experience of treating anti-cancer drug extravasation by means of a composite surgical technique that consists of infiltration with physiological solution and hyaluronidase and subsequent manual aspiration of solutes alternated with profuse irrigation of the infiltrated area. In the immediate post-op we carry out a medical therapy that consists of calciparine and topic antibiotic and/or steroid creams. Since the year 2000 this technique has been used on 25 patients. We have had neither complications nor scars. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc Surgical treatment of extravasation injuries. Napoli P, Corradino B, Badalamenti G, Tripoli M, Vieni S, Furfaro MF, Cordova A,…
Facilitated neurogenic inflammation in unaffected limbs of patients with complex regional pain syndrome.
2003
Pain, edema, increased skin temperature, reddening and trophic changes characterize complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Recently, we have been able to show facilitated neurogenic inflammation on the affected limb. In the current study unaffected limbs were examined after resolution of the CRPS symptoms to assess possible generalized changes predisposing to CRPS. In 12 patients and in 12 healthy volunteers dermal microdialysis in combination with electrical C-fiber stimulation was employed to induce neuropeptide release. Dialysate protein concentration and axon reflex vasodilation were measured. Neither in patients nor in controls did electrical stimulation lead to protein extravasation, …
Platelet, Not Endothelial, P-Selectin Expression Contributes to Generation of Immunity in Cutaneous Contact Hypersensitivity
2010
Leukocyte extravasation is a prerequisite for host defense and autoimmunity alike. Detailed understanding of the tightly controlled and overlapping sequences of leukocyte extravasation might aid development of novel therapeutic strategies. Leukocyte extravasation is initiated by interaction of selectins with appropriate carbohydrate ligands. Lack of P-selectin expression leads to decreased contact hypersensitivity responses. Yet, it remains unclear if this is due to inhibition of leukocyte extravasation to the skin or due to interference with initial immune activation in lymph nodes. In line with previous data, we here report a decreased contact hypersensitivity response, induced by 2,4,-di…