Search results for "fairne"
showing 10 items of 47 documents
Performance Evaluation of CANIT Algorithm in Presence of Congestion Losses
2001
In this paper, we analize by queuing-simulation CANIT (Congestion Avoidance with Normalized Interval of Time) algorithm performances in presence of congestion losses. In a former work [3], we proposed the algorithm (CANIT) for TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) congestion avoidance phase in order to improve fairness during this phase, and we showed that using CANIT algorithm in an environment without loss, instead of standard congestion avoidance algorithm improves both congestion avoidance fairness and bandwith utilization for long RTT connections. In this paper, we consider congestion losses and show that the fairness as well as the bandwith utilization are more efficient when using CANI…
Who Punishes? The Status of the Punishers Affects the Perceived Success of, and Indirect Benefits From, “Moralistic” Punishment
2016
“Moralistic” punishment of free riders can provide a beneficial reputation, but the immediate behavior is costly to the punisher. In Study 1, we investigated whether variation in status would be perceived to offset or mitigate the costs of punishment. One hundred and nineteen participants were presented with a vignette describing a punishment scenario. Participants predicted whether punishment would occur, how successful it would be, and indicated their attitude to the punisher. Participants believed only intervention by a high-status (HS) individual would be successful and that low-status (LS) individuals would not intervene at all. HS individuals predicted to punish successfully were seen…
Energy Efficiency Optimization for Multi-cell Massive MIMO : Centralized and Distributed Power Allocation Algorithms
2021
This paper investigates the energy efficiency (EE) optimization in downlink multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). In our research, the statistical channel state information (CSI) is exploited to reduce the signaling overhead. To maximize the minimum EE among the neighbouring cells, we design the transmit covariance matrices for each base station (BS). Specifically, optimization schemes for this max-min EE problem are developed, in the centralized and distributed ways, respectively. To obtain the transmit covariance matrices, we first find out the closed-form optimal transmit eigenmatrices for the BS in each cell, and convert the original transmit covariance matrices desi…
The Consistency of Fairness Rules: An Experimental Study
2010
In the last two decades, experimental papers on distributive justice have abounded. Two main results have been replicated. Firstly, there is a multiplicity of fairness rules. Secondly, fairness decisions differ depending on the context. This paper studies individual consistency in the use of fairness rules, as well as the structural factors that lead people to be inconsistent. We use a within-subject design, which allows us to compare individual behavior when the context changes. In line with the literature, we find a multiplicity of fairness rules. However, when we control for consistency, the set of fairness rules is considerably smaller. Only selfishness and strict egalitarianism seem to…
Fairness Considerations in Labor Union Wage Setting : A Theoretical Analysis
2012
We consider a theoretical model in which unions not only take the outside option into account, but also base their wage-setting decisions on an internal reference, called the fairness reference. Wage and employment outcomes and the shape of the aggregate wage-setting curve depend on the weight and the size of the fairness reference relative to the outside option. If the fairness reference is relatively high compared to the outside option, higher wages and lower employment than in the standard model will prevail. If hit by an adverse technology shock, the economy will then react with a stronger downward adjustment in employment, whereas real wages are more rigid than in the standard model. W…
Management in the 24/7-society raises concerns of fairness and social responsibility
2018
Purpose Despite the pressure on work-family polices arising from the increase in nonstandard working times in various sectors, only a few studies have addressed management practices in 24/7 workplaces. This paper aims to investigate the challenges Finnish managers face in meeting the various tensions stemming from nonstandard working hours and services operating 24/7. Two typical 24/7 work contexts are focused: the hospitality and retail industries and flexibly scheduled early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. The emphasis is on management practices relating to the planning of work shifts and children’s care schedules. Design/methodology/approach Study 1 comprises focus group i…
Dynamic packet scheduling performance in UTRA Long Term Evolution downlink
2008
In this paper we evaluate the performance of dynamic Packet Scheduling (PS) of 3GPP UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) Downlink. Packet scheduling is of utmost importance in 3G LTE, because all traffic types with different Quality of Service requirements are competing of the resources. We present a decoupled time and frequency domain packet scheduling framework for LTE downlink. Simulation results with three basic packet scheduler combinations with different amount of fairness are presented in four different 3GPP macro simulation cases to show the both extremes in tradeoff between fairness and spectral efficiency. In addition, the effect of multiuser diversity on packet scheduling performance …
The hidden side of the Ultimatum Game: The role of motivations and mind-reading in a two-level one-shot Ultimatum Game
2015
The main aim of our study is to investigate the role of motivations and mind-reading in a two-level one-shot Ultimatum Game with three players. Our intention is to analyse subjects’ behaviour in both the responder and proposer roles. In the responder role, we found that the difference between the subjects’ expectations and the actual offers was the major factor that influenced their decisions and motivations in receiving money. In the proposer role, our results showed a significant influence of mind-reading, with a positive association between the fairness of subjects’ offers and the subjects’ expectations about the recipients’ willingness to accept. Although a shared concept of fairness ex…
Effect of perceived organizational support on psychological capital - A study of IT industries in Indian framework
2015
In today's business environment, positive psychology and social exchange relationship have been attained great interest for research. Psychological Capital (PsyCap) is an individual's positive psychological state of development and is characterized by optimism, hope, resilience and self- efficacy. The commitment of employees directly depends on the commitment of organization towards their employees i.e. norms of reciprocity and social exchanges work between employee and organization. Perceived organizational support (POS) indicates the perception of employees that at what extent they are cared and valued by organization. The present study was conducted to identify the relationship between P…
Editorial: Interrogating the design of smart, sustainable, and socially just urban spaces: A look at institutions, places, and values
2022
The article is the Editorial on the Research Topic Interrogating the design of smart, sustainable, and socially just urban spaces: A look at institutions, places, and values, which explore the dynamics between the socio-technological processes – value-based design being foremost among them – through which urban space emerges and takes on meaning. Furthermore, they engage with the question of how institutional design principles shape citizen participation in these processes.