Search results for "fairness"
showing 10 items of 46 documents
Efficiency, Fairness and Sustainability in Social Housing Policy and Projects
2023
The provision of affordable housing for low-income households is a very complex issue long debated in many countries around the world. Social Housing (SH) is one of the tools for achieving fairness, social sustainability and economic feasibility, and is interrelated with politics, ethics and economics, as well as the environment, architecture and technology. In other words, national and local policy, and also public and private financial resources are all needed to provide SH. SH also involves social and urban transformations and is, consequently, linked to urban planning and redevelopment projects, real estate market dynamics and cooperation between public and private stakeholders. Further…
An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Perceived Inequality
2017
Perception of inequality is important for the analysis of individuals' motivations and decisions and for policy assessment. Despite the broad range of analytic gains that it grants, our knowledge about measurement and determinants of perception of inequality is still limited, since it is intrinsically unobservable, multidimensional, and essentially contested. Using a novel econometric approach, we study how observable individual characteristics affect the joint distribution of a set of indicators of perceived inequality in specific domains. Using data from the International Social Survey Programme, we shed light on the associations among these indicators and how they are affected by covaria…
Fairness Considerations in Labor Union Wage Setting : A Theoretical Analysis
2012
We consider a theoretical model in which unions not only take the outside option into account, but also base their wage-setting decisions on an internal reference, called the fairness reference. Wage and employment outcomes and the shape of the aggregate wage-setting curve depend on the weight and the size of the fairness reference relative to the outside option. If the fairness reference is relatively high compared to the outside option, higher wages and lower employment than in the standard model will prevail. If hit by an adverse technology shock, the economy will then react with a stronger downward adjustment in employment, whereas real wages are more rigid than in the standard model. W…
The Consistency of Fairness Rules: An Experimental Study
2010
In the last two decades, experimental papers on distributive justice have abounded. Two main results have been replicated. Firstly, there is a multiplicity of fairness rules. Secondly, fairness decisions differ depending on the context. This paper studies individual consistency in the use of fairness rules, as well as the structural factors that lead people to be inconsistent. We use a within-subject design, which allows us to compare individual behavior when the context changes. In line with the literature, we find a multiplicity of fairness rules. However, when we control for consistency, the set of fairness rules is considerably smaller. Only selfishness and strict egalitarianism seem to…
A Fair Share of Work: Is Fairness of Task Distribution a Mediator Between Transformational Leadership and Follower Emotional Exhaustion?
2019
Drawing on social resource theory and the norm of equity, this research proposes fairness of task distribution as a mediating mechanism of the well-established relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ well-being, conceptualizing the latter as low emotional exhaustion. Using data from 479 German employees in a three-wave longitudinal study, we found transformational leadership to be related to fair task distribution over time. The perceived fairness of task distribution mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and follower emotional exhaustion (structural equation modeling) when excluding stabilities. Our results also show a reverse causation effec…
Il valore dell’equità nell’amministrazione pubblica
2017
La pretesa del soggetto privato di essere trattato in modo “equo” dall’autorità pubblica è considerata un diritto fondamentale della persona, secondo l’art. 41 della Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea, e, come tale, costituisce un principio generale del diritto europeo e del diritto interno, al quale l’azione amministrativa si deve conformare. Se ne deve, tuttavia, precisare il significato, non sussistendo una definizione normativa dell’equità, che rimane un concetto giuridico indeterminato, sebbene strettamente collegato ai valori della giustizia sociale. E ciò, allo scopo di comprendere, alla luce delle teorizzazioni dottrinarie e delle applicazioni giurisprudenziali, in c…
Fair Pairwise Learning to Rank
2020
Ranking algorithms based on Neural Networks have been a topic of recent research. Ranking is employed in everyday applications like product recommendations, search results, or even in finding good candidates for hiring. However, Neural Networks are mostly opaque tools, and it is hard to evaluate why a specific candidate, for instance, was not considered. Therefore, for neural-based ranking methods to be trustworthy, it is crucial to guarantee that the outcome is fair and that the decisions are not discriminating people according to sensitive attributes such as gender, sexual orientation, or ethnicity.In this work we present a family of fair pairwise learning to rank approaches based on Neur…
Banks’ unfairness and the vulnerability of low-income unbanked consumers
2018
This paper’s objective was to explore low-income unbanked consumers’ perceptions of bank fairness and the way these perceptions were linked to consumer experiences of vulnerability. Qualitative data were used to analyse low-income consumers’ perceptions about banks’ services and communications. The study finds that although consumers’ financial inclusion is partially hindered by their personal circumstances, the perceived unfair treatment by banks has an even more negative impact on their financial inclusion. Low-income unbanked individuals report banks avoiding them, discriminating against them and impeding their financial inclusion. Banks’ perceived unfairness towards low-income consumers…
Treating the crowd fairly: increasing the solvers’ self-selection in idea innovation contests
2020
Abstract The success of idea crowdsourcing contests depends on the wideness of the number of solvers that voluntarily self-select to solve the problem broadcast by the seeker and previous research has started to highlight the role of fairness in the self-selection process of solvers. This study aims at deepening the understanding concerning how fairness can influence the solvers’ self-selection. By applying a netnographic research design, we identify possible unexplored facets of fairness in the crowdsourcing context, i.e., prize award, award guaranteed, and non-blind contest. Theoretically, we drew from the organizational justice and fairness literature to develop hypotheses about how the …
Measuring Excellence and Equity in Education : Conceptual and Methodological Issues
2011
The text focuses on the measurement problems both equity and excellence does imply, and on the "technical" choices that are to be made. It aims at showing that those choices are not neutral and have plenty of political consequences. Starting with the problems of definition of both excellence and equity, which should be considered jointly, the paper examines i) how the indicators and methods implemented do have some impact on the amount of inequalities, and ii) on the necessity of a time dimension to figure out how inequalities are generated, along with a system-wide perspective.