Search results for "farmacologia"
showing 10 items of 411 documents
Potencial de peptidos y enzimas con capacidad antimicrobiana para el control de microorganismos alterantes de vino
2011
Los problemas derivados del uso del anhídrido sulfuroso en vinificación, junto a la tendencia actual a reducir el empleo de aditivos en la industria alimentaria, justifican la búsqueda de nuevos compuestos activos y estrategias de control que lo sustituyan o minimicen su empleo, de una manera eficaz y segura para los consumidores. Dos alternativas prometedoras para el control de las contaminaciones microbianas de los vinos son el empleo de péptidos antimicrobianos y la utilización de preparados enzimáticos capaces de degradar la pared celular fúngica. Durante el desarrollo de este trabajo hemos evaluado la actividad antimicrobiana de distintos péptidos y/o un preparado enzimático comercial …
Modelado farmacocinético de ciclofosfamida en pacientes con cáncer de mama.
2009
El objetivo principal es establecer un modelo estructural farmacocinético poblacional, en pacientes con cáncer de mama de alto riesgo tratados con ciclofosfamida a dosis altas, para predecir su respuesta individual.Los objetivos Secundarios son explorar mecanismos fisiológicos condicionantes de la autoinducción metabólica de ciclofosfamida. Detección de subpoblaciones de pacientes a través de parámetros de eliminación de ciclofosfamida. Plantear la influencia de covariables, a través del análisis exploratorio, sobre los valores centrales de los parámetros farmacocinéticos de ciclofosfamida.La población de estudio está compuesta por pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Clínico Universitario y …
Tabaco, estrés oxidativo e inflamación en vías aéreas. Papel del AMPc.
2010
La Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) es una patología caracterizada por una obstrucción progresiva irreversible de las vías aéreas cuya causa principal es el humo de tabaco. Una característica distintiva de esta enfermedad es la hipersecreción mucosa; además, el estrés oxidativo está implicado en este proceso. En dicho estés oxidativo juega un papel muy importante el complejo NADPH oxidasa. En esta tesis, se planteó el caracterizar los mecanismos por los que la activación del complejo NADPH oxidasa mediada por tabaco conducían a la hipersecreción mucosa, estudiando la implicación del AMPc en dicho proceso. Los resultados muestran que el tabaco activa el complejo NADPH oxidasa, …
Aspectos farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos de la administración de bupivacaína y ropivacaína en el plexo lumbar y nervio ciático en cirugía ortopéd…
2010
INTRODUCCIÓN Los anestésicos locales (AL) son empleados en las técnicas de anestesia locoregional por su capacidad de bloquear la conducción de impulsos nerviosos, de modo que la función sensitiva o motora de las fibras nerviosas queda inhibida transitoriamente. Estas técnicas locoregionales pueden utilizarse como técnica única o en combinación con anestesia general. El bloqueo combinado del plexo lumbar (PL) y del nervio ciático (NC) para cirugía ortotraumática de miembros inferiores es la modalidad de elección frente a la anestesia espinal y general. Existen pocos estudios referentes a la administración de mezclas de AL de acción prolongada. Para el adecuado desarrollo de la técnica anest…
Antitumor Mechanism of the Essential Oils from Two Succulent Plants in Multidrug Resistance Leukemia Cell
2019
Drug resistance remains a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. The multiplicity of the drug resistance determinants raises the question about the optimal strategies to deal with them. Essential oils showed to inhibit the growth of different tumor cell types. Essential oils contain several chemical classes of compounds whose heterogeneity of active moieties can help prevent the development of drug resistance. In the present paper, we analyzed, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry the chemical composition of the essential oil of the leaves of Kalanchoe beharensis obtained by hydrodistillation and compared the chemical composition of its essential oil with that of Cyphostemma juttae.…
The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic Emergency on Alcohol Use: A Focus on a Cohort of Sicilian Workers
2023
The period between the beginning and the end of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency generated a general state of stress, affecting both the mental state and physical well-being of the general population. Stress is the body’s reaction to events or stimuli perceived as potentially harmful or distressing. Particularly when prolonged over time, it can promote the consumption of different psychotropic substances such as alcohol, and thus the genesis of various pathologies. Therefore, our research aimed to evaluate the differences in alcohol consumption in a cohort of 640 video workers who carried out activities in smart working, subjects particularly exposed to stressful situations due to the string…
Acetaldehyde operant self-administration in rats: focus on D2-receptor activation.
2013
Acetaldehyde (ACD), ethanol first metabolite, is rewarding in rodents and humans; it induces “place preference”, is self-administer directly in the VTA, orally in an operant/conflict paradigm and increases DA neurons’ firing. This research aims at investigating DA2-receptor role in the reinstatement of acetaldehyde operant-drinking behaviour, following induction, maintenance and abstinence in the rat. Male Wistar rats are trained to orally self-administer ACD solution (3.2% v/v) or water, in an operant chamber under a FR1. Afterwards animals undergo cyclic periods of deprivation and relapse to ACD. The effect ofD2-receptor activation by quinpirole (0.03mg/kg,i.p.) on operant ACD self-admini…
Activity of orally self-administered acetaldehyde in an operant/conflict paradigm in rats; involvement of cannabinoid cb1 receptors
2012
Acetaldehyde (ACD), ethanol first metabolite, interacts with the dopaminergic reward system, and with the neuropeptidergic transmission in the hypothalamus. Self-administration within operant conditioning is a valid model to investigate drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviour in rats. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are involved in reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behaviour and of many other drugs of abuse (3). Accordingly, this study was aimed at the evaluation of: 1) the motivational properties of oral ACD in the induction and maintenance of an operant-drinking behaviour; 2) the onset of a relapse drinking behaviour, following ACD deprivation; 3) ACD effect in a conflict situation employing the …
Unusual high dose of tacrolimus in liver transplant patient, a case report.
2012
Case We describe the case of a liver transplant patient who had great difficulty in reaching the desired trough blood levels despite the use of high dose tacrolimus. The patient was homozygous for the CYP3A5*3 allele. However, the respective donor carried the wild-type CYP3A5*1/*1 genotype. Regarding ABCB1 SNPs at exon 21 and 26, the patient showed the 2677GT and 3435CC genotypes. For the corresponding donor we observed the 2677GG and 3435CC wild-type genotypes. One, two and three weeks after transplantation the patient received daily 0.219, 0.287 and 0.273 mg/kg of tacrolimus, respectively. However, the corresponding tacrolimus trough blood levels were of 4.6, 5.6 and 6.1 ng/mL. The tacrol…
Frequent Alteration of the Yin Yang 1/Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitory Protein Ratio in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2011
The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) can favor several aspects of tumorigenesis. In turn, Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) inhibits the oncogenic activities of MAPK and NF-κB pathways and promotes drug-induced apoptosis. Mutual influences between YY1 and RKIP may exist, and there are already separate evidences that relevant increases in YY1 and reductions in RKIP occur in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the levels of the two factors have never been concomitantly examined in HCC. We evaluated by RT-PCR the mRNA levels of YY1, YY1AP, RKIP, and survivin in 35 clinical HCCs (91% HCV-related), in their adjacent cirrhotic tissues and in 6 healthy livers. Immunohistochemical ana…