Search results for "farming"
showing 10 items of 302 documents
The effects of carnitine on the growth of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., fry
1986
Carnitine treatment has an appreciable effect on the hatchery-reared sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, fry. The administration of the laevorotatory isomer (1-carnitine) which is engaged in the transport of the acyl and acetyl groups through the mitochondrial membrane, stimulating lipid metabolism, increases the growth rate and the protein content of the treated fry. The dextrorotatory isomer (d-carnitine), which is an antagonist of the 1-carnitine, has an opposite effect on the growth and metabolism of the treated fry.
Dexipm-Grapevine : a multicriteria assessment tool of the sustainability for grapevine farming systems
2015
The development of innovative farming systems to reach new goals of agricultural sustainability needs new methods for efficiency assessment. DEXiPM-Grapevine© is a multicriteria assessment tool for overall sustainability of grapevine farming systems adapted from DEXiPM arable crops (Pelzer et al, 2012). DEXiPM-Grapevine© was implemented during the European PURE Project 2012-2015 (Integrated Pest Management (IPM) solutions in agriculture) in order to assess and compare various innovative grapevine systems. This model includes 65 basic attributes describing the cropping system, which are then combined into 97 aggregated attributes, designed to assess the economic, social and environmental per…
Segetal plant conservation in arable fields: functional role, farmers’ perception and farming systems
2014
International audience; Segetal plants, or “messicoles” as they are known in French, are weedy inhabitants of wheat crops (mainly winter cereals). The national list of segetal species includes 102 taxa; of which 7 are extinct, 52 threatened, 30 to be kept under close observation and 12 abundant. Data on their distribution indicates that they are mostly in decline due to intensive farming systems. As their survival is intrinsically linked to farming systems, we need to improve knowledge on their relationships with land management in order to establish a sound scientific basis for protection tools, to support and guide farmer conservation measures and to disseminate concerns for segetal biodi…
Évaluation mettant en balance les risques et les bénéfices relatifs d’autres produits phytopharmaceutiques autorisés ou des méthodes non chimiques de…
2018
La saisine porte sur l’évaluation des intérêts agronomiques et des risques des préparations phytopharmaceutiques (PPP) à base de substances actives de la famille des néonicotinoïdes (NN) et de leurs alternatives : il est demandé, pour les usages autorisés en France des PPP à base de NN, de réaliser une évaluation mettant en balance les risques et les bénéfices des PPP autorisées, ou des méthodes non chimiques de prévention ou de lutte. La demande porte également sur l’incidence économique et les éventuelles conséquences de mise en oeuvre pratique pour l’activité agricole, ainsi que les risques d’apparition de résistances parmi les organismes nuisibles (ON). Cette demande a pris place dans l…
Agroecology and Strategies for Climate Change
2012
; Sustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for humans and their children. Sustainable agriculture is a discipline that addresses current issues such as climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, poor-nation starvation, rich-nation obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control, and biodiversity depletion.Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, and social sciences. Indeed, sustainable agriculture decipher mechanisms of processes that occur fro…
Spécificité des besoins de recherche sur la qualité des sols en Agriculture Biologique. Bilan d’un séminaire transdisciplinaire INRA-ITAB
2023
In November 2018, ITAB (Institute of Agriculture and Organic Food) and INRA (National Institute for Agronomic Research) organized a transdisciplinary seminar to bring together stakeholders to: i) share issues associated with soil management in Organic Farming (OF) systems, ii) collectively define the main research questions to be addressed; and iii) facilitate the construction of networks or projects. More than 150 participants attended the seminar, which was designed using the method of citizen facilitation of the community forum type (Town Hall Meeting) allowing all parties to express themselves and a live summary by experts. The seminar identified important knowledge gaps on soils in OF …
Comparison of different tillage systems in organic farming : effect of soil structure and organic matter repartition on soil micro-organisms and thei…
2009
Over the last decades, the surface traditionally ploughed has tended to decrease and replaced by shallow working tillage techniques without soil inversion, i.e., no tillage or reduced tillage with tines or discs. These techniques were mostly developed in conventional farming systems but nowadays they are also developed in organic farming systems. Nevertheless, these tillage techniques could generate crop nutrients deficiencies and a deterioration of soil structure, especially during the first years of their application. As the use of synthetic fertilizers is forbidden in organic farming, a decrease of the soil fertility could be very detrimental for crop growth. Indeed, soil micro-organisms…
Conservation agriculture : how farmers manage weeds
2020
International audience; Conservation agriculture is characterized by the continuousand simultaneous application of three principles:minimum soil disturbance (no-tillage), residue cover onthe soil surface (dead mulch or cover crop) and diversecrop successions and cover crop mixes. Adopted inFrance by farmers since the 1990s, this farming systemstill faces some challenges to its adoption, particularlyfor weed management. To highlight this problem,425 French farmers practicing conservation agriculturewere surveyed by an online survey. Cultural practicesused to manage weeds during the first years of conservationagriculture were requested. The use of each culturalpractices was first studied inde…
Analysis of the relationship between production situation drivers and cropping systems at the regional scale
2014
International audience
Indicators of agricultural intensity and intensification: a review of the literature
2015
Since the 1960s, research has dealt with agricultural intensification (AI) as a solution to ensure global food security. Recently, sustainable intensification (SI) has increasingly been used to describe those agricultural and farming systems that ensure adequate ecosystem service provision. Studies differ in terms of the application scales and methodologies, thus we aim to summarize the main findings from the literature on how AI and SI are assessed, from the farm to global levels. Our literature review is based on 7865 papers selected from the Web of Science database and analysed using CorText software. A further selection of 105 relevant papers was used for an in-depth full-text analysis …