Search results for "fear"
showing 10 items of 273 documents
Examining bi-directionality between Fear of Missing Out and problematic smartphone use. A two-wave panel study among adolescents.
2020
Abstract Background In recent years, the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) construct has been the object of growing attention in digital technology research with previous studies finding support for the relationship between FoMO and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among adolescents and young adults. However, no previous studies clarified the causal link between FoMO and PSU using a longitudinal design. Methods An auto-regressive, cross-lagged panel design was tested by using a longitudinal dataset with two waves of data collection (T0 and T1, one year apart). Participants included two hundred and forty-two adolescents (109 males and 133 females), with a mean age of 14.16 years, who filled out the…
Balance confidence and functional balance are associated with physical disability after hip fracture.
2012
Abstract Background This cross-sectional study investigated the associations between balance confidence, functional balance, and physical disability among older people after hip fracture. Material and methods The study utilizes baseline data of two randomized controlled trials (ISRCTN34271567 and ISRCTN53680197). The participants were 159 community-dwelling over 60-year-old people. Health, fracture status, the date and type of surgery, and contraindications for participation were assessed in a clinical examination. Balance confidence was assessed by the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and functional balance by the Berg Balance Scale. Physical disability was assessed by a …
Square-stepping exercise versus strength and balance training for fall risk factors
2008
Background and aims: Feasible and low-cost exercise programmes targeting fall risk factors may decrease the risk of falling in older adults. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of square-stepping exercise (SSE) training, which is a new and low-cost method designed to improve lower-extremity functional fitness, with strength and balance (SB) training. Methods: The study included 39 community-dwelling adults aged 65 to 74 years. The participants were randomized to either group SSE (n=20) or SB (n=19). They engaged in 70-min group exercise sessions twice a week for 12 weeks. The efficacy of the program was measured with both a 9-item test battery for assessment of physical per…
Multidisciplinary management in geriatric day-hospital is beneficial for elderly fallers: A prospective study of 28 cases
2005
We determined whether management including medical, psychological, and physiotherapeutic approaches, over a period of 6 weeks, has a beneficial effect on motor abilities, psychological status, and independence of elderly fallers with psychomotor disadaptation syndrome (PDS). We included 28 subjects (mean age 81.4 years). They were assessed from a medical, motor, and psychological point of view at both the inclusion and the end of the multidisciplinary intervention. A follow-up was conducted with multidisciplinary assessment at 6 and 9 months after the beginning of the study in order to evaluate duration of benefits of the management. The statistical analysis concerned only subjects who took…
Analysis of postural control in elderly subjects suffering from Psychomotor Disadaptation Syndrome (PDS).
2009
PDS is a geriatric affliction, described in 1999, characterized by postural impairments, including backward disequilibrium, freezing, a deterioration in the ability to anticipate postural adjustments, anxiety and fear of falling, inducing loss of autonomy. This study compared 10 subjects suffering from PDS, aged 87.3+/-4.9 years, with 10 control subjects, aged 85.4+/-7.9 years concerning postural control (body sway amplitude). In all participants, postural control was assessed using the SwayStar system in natural (spontaneous) and standardized stances, eyes open and eyes closed over a period of 40 s. It was found that: (1) with eyes open, subjects with PDS showed greater body sway amplitude…
Hidden sources of joy, fear, and sadness: Explicit versus implicit neural processing of musical emotions.
2016
Music is often used to regulate emotions and mood. Typically, music conveys and induces emotions even when one does not attend to them. Studies on the neural substrates of musical emotions have, however, only examined brain activity when subjects have focused on the emotional content of the music. Here we address with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) the neural processing of happy, sad, and fearful music with a paradigm in which 56 subjects were instructed to either classify the emotions (explicit condition) or pay attention to the number of instruments playing (implicit condition) in 4-s music clips. In the implicit vs. explicit condition, stimuli activated bilaterally the infe…
Endocannabinoids render exploratory behaviour largely independent of the test aversiveness: role of glutamatergic transmission.
2009
To investigate the impact of averseness, controllability and familiarity of a test situation on the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of exploratory behaviour, we tested conventional and conditional cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1)-deficient mice in behavioural paradigms with different emotional load, which depended on the strength of illumination and the ability of the animals to avoid the light stimulus. Complete CB1 null-mutant mice (Total-CB1-KO) showed an anxiogenic-like phenotype under circumstances where they were able to avoid the bright light such as the elevated plus-maze and the light/dark avoidance task. Conditional mutant mice lacking CB1 expression s…
The hippocampal dentate gyrus is essential for generating contextual memories of fear and drug-induced reward
2008
The hippocampus is believed to play a role in processing information relative to the context in which emotionally salient experiences occur but evidence on the specific contribution of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) to these processes is limited. Here, we have used two classical behavioral paradigms to study the participation of the dorsal DG in context-conditioned reward and context-conditioned fear. Rats received intra-hippocampal vehicle or colchicine injections (4 μg/μl solution; 0.2 μl injections at 10 sites) that damaged the DG but spared other hippocampal subfields. In the first experiment, we used a place conditioning procedure pairing cocaine exposure (20 mg/kg, i.p.) with a sp…
Chronic social defeat-induced social avoidance as a proxy of stress resilience in mice involves conditioned learning
2019
Abstract Chronic social defeat (CSD)-induced social avoidance is considered to model a feature of stress-related mental dysfunction, while its absence has been used as a proxy of resilience in rodents. However, knowledge on the mechanisms shaping CSD-induced individual outcomes remains fragmentary. Fear conditioning has been described as a suitable model in humans for better understanding the pathophysiology of stress related mental disorders. We sought to explore the extent to which conditioned learning is involved in CSD-induced social avoidance. In experiment 1 (social avoidance specificity), C57BL/6 J male mice underwent CSD followed by a modified social interaction test offering the si…
Influence of massed and distributed context preexposure on contextual fear and Egr-1 expression in the basolateral amygdala
2007
Preexposure to the conditioning context can influence the expression of context-conditioned fear. We used behavioral and early growth response gene (egr-1) assays in rats to study the effects of massed and distributed context preexposure on context-conditioned fear. The results demonstrated that massed context preexposure impaired acquisition of contextual fear, an effect here referred to as delayed shock deficit. Spaced context preexposure produced similar inhibitory effects. Significantly, the introduction of a brief change of context prior to conditioning completely reversed the deficit induced by massed, but not by distributed, context preexposure. This reversibility was inversely relat…