Search results for "fear"
showing 10 items of 273 documents
Common and separable behavioral and neural mechanisms underlie the generalization of fear and disgust
2021
Generalization represents the transfer of a conditioned responses to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus (CS). Previous studies on generalization of defensive avoidance responses have primarily focused on fear and have neglected disgust generalization, which represents a key pathological mechanism in some anxiety disorders. In the present study we examined common and distinct mechanisms of fear and disgust generalization by means of a fear or disgust multi-CS conditioning and generalization paradigm with concomitant event-related potential (ERPs) acquisition in n = 62 subjects. We demonstrate that compared to fear, disgust-relevant generalized stimuli (GS) elicited larger expecta…
A novel arousal-based individual screening reveals susceptibility and resilience to PTSD-like phenotypes in mice
2021
Translational animal models for studying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are valuable for elucidating the poorly understood neurobiology of this neuropsychiatric disorder. These models should encompass crucial features, including persistence of PTSD-like phenotypes triggered after exposure to a single traumatic event, trauma susceptibility/resilience and predictive validity. Here we propose a novel arousal-based individual screening (AIS) model that recapitulates all these features. The AIS model was designed by coupling the traumatization (24 h restraint) of C57BL/6 J mice with a novel individual screening. This screening consists of z-normalization of post-trauma changes in startle …
Subliminal fear priming potentiates negative facial reactions to food pictures in women with anorexia nervosa.
2010
BackgroundTo investigate hedonic reactivity and the influence of unconscious emotional processes on the low sensitivity to positive reinforcement of food in anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodAN and healthy women were exposed to palatable food pictures just after a subliminal exposure to facial expressions (happy, disgust, fear and neutral faces), either while fasting or after a standardized meal (hungerversussatiety). Both implicit [facial electromyographic (EMG) activity from zygomatic and corrugator muscles, skin conductance, heart rate, and videotaped facial behavior] and explicit (self-reported pleasure and desire) measures of affective processes were recorded.ResultsIn contrast to healthy wo…
English Speaking Countries and the Culture of Fear
2020
The direct intervention or full-scare led wars are ideologically legitimized by the needs of bringing the ideals of American democracy, liberty, freedom and mobility. However, at the bottom, this globalized culture of fear hidden dark interests associated to exploitation. Paradoxically, these types of interventions suggest that terrorism needs the use of force, but in so doing, impotence and deprivation surface. Undoubtedly, Anglo and Latin worlds have created, according to their cultural matrices, diverse tactics to adapt to environment, as the form of understanding the future. While Anglo-countries developed a fascinating attraction to risk and future, the sense of predestination alludes …
Constructing an American fear culture from red scares to terrorism
2013
Building on the work of social analysts who have identified the emerging culture of fear in the USA, this article argues that the current fears about terrorism derive from deliberate campaigns by the world capitalism’s elites. It traces the history of political scares since the late 19th century to show an evolution from red scares to terrorism. While acknowledging the complexities of cultural constructions, the obsession with terrorism is shown as an outgrowth and offspring of earlier, anti-communist hysterias in the USA.
The Use of Fear Appeals in Greek Magazine Advertisements
2015
This paper examines fear appeals in Greek magazine advertisements. A total number of 3,262 advertisements were selected from a sample of 14 magazines representing various genre. Advertisements were content analyzed, on the basis of fear appeal categories and consequences. The findings indicate that advertisements use the fear appeal in 16.46 percent of the total number examined. Positive fear appeals and social consequence theme show the highest frequency of appearance with 91.06 and 79.83 percent respectively. There is also a variance in the use of various types of fear appeals, according to magazine classifications and product categories.
Treatment of flying phobia using virtual reality exposure with or without cognitive restructuring: Participant's preferences
2015
This study analyses participants’ preferences regarding two exposure treatment modali- ties for Fear of Flying (FF): virtual reality exposure treatment (VRET) by itself or VRET plus cognitive restructuring (VRET+CR). An alternating treatment conditions design was established and a non-concurrent multiple baseline design across individuals (four participants) was used. Both conditions were equally effective and after the treatment all the participants took a flight. At the end of each session the participants were asked for their opinion on the condition they received. High mean scores were obtained in both conditions; non-significant differences between the two condi- tions were found. When…
Psychological Well-Being During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediation Role of Generalized Anxiety
2022
Palmira Faraci, Rossella Bottaro, Giusy Danila Valenti, Giuseppe Craparo Faculty of Human and Social Sciences - University of Enna âKoreâ, Enna, ItalyCorrespondence: Palmira Faraci, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Enna âKoreâ, Cittadella Universitaria, Enna, 94100, Italy, Tel +39 0935 536536, Email palmira.faraci@unikore.itIntroduction: The outbreak of the COVID-19 has largely impacted individualsâ health and lifestyles. This study aimed to investigate peopleâs psychological well-being during the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We selected six indicators of psychological well-being: fear of COVID-19, loneliness, social interaction anxiety, gene…
Fear of COVID-19 and Life Satisfaction: The Role of the Health-Related Hardiness and Sense of Coherence
2021
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is contributing to increased fear and anxiety throughout society, which may affect life satisfaction. Health-related hardiness and sense of coherence (SOC) are personal resources that help people adapt to difficult circumstances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fear of COVID-19, SOC, health-related hardiness, and life satisfaction.Methods: A total of 907 Polish people (522 women and 385 men) participated in this study. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FOC-6), the Health-Related Hardiness Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used.Results: Correlation showed that fear of COV…
Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Latvian Version of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (Idaf-4c+ )
2021
Zobārstniecības trauksme var būt par pamatu sliktam mutes veselības stāvoklim ar augstu kariesa intensitāti, lielu trūkstošo zobu skaitu, periodonta veselības pasliktināšanos (van Wijk & Hoogstraten, 2003), kā arī sliktu mutes dobuma higiēnu (DeDonno, 2012). Tāpēc zobārstniecības trauksmes veiksmīga identifikācija ir izteikti svarīga un tam ir izveidoti dažādi psihometriskie novērtējuma instrumenti. IDAF-4C+ ir viens no visnesenāk izveidotajiem psihometriskajiem zobārstniecības trauksmes novērtēšanas instrumentiem. Šī pētījuma mērķis ir tulkot un starpkulturāli adaptēt IDAF-4C+ latviešu valodā, pielietot to ikdienas zobārstniecības praksē, noteikt…