Search results for "fertilization"
showing 10 items of 326 documents
Moderate ovarian stimulation does not increase the incidence of human embryo chromosomal abnormalities in in vitro fertilization cycles.
2012
A high chromosomal abnormalities rate has been observed in human embryos derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments. The real incidence in natural cycles has been poorly studied, so whether this frequency may be induced by external factors, such as use of gonadotropins for ovarian stimulation, remains unknown.We conducted a prospective cohort study in a University-affiliated private infertility clinic with a comparison between unstimulated and stimulated ovarian cycles in the same women. Preimplantation genetic screening by fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in all viable d 3 embryos.The primary objective was to compare the incidence of embryo chromosomal abnormaliti…
Changes in sex ratio from fertilization to birth in assisted-reproductive-treatment cycles
2014
Background: In Western gender-neutral countries, the sex ratio at birth is estimated to be approximately 1.06. This ratio is lower than the estimated sex ratio at fertilization which ranges from 1.07 to 1.70 depending on the figures of sex ratio at birth and differential embryo/fetal mortality rates taken into account to perform these estimations. Likewise, little is known about the sex ratio at implantation in natural and assisted-reproduction-treatment (ART) cycles. In this bioessay, we aim to estimate the sex ratio at fertilization and implantation using data from embryos generated by standard in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in preimplantation gene…
Effects of maternal ageing and dietary antioxidant supplementation on ovulation, fertilisation and embryo development in vitro in the mouse.
1999
The present study aims to ascertain whether dietary supplementation with a mixture of vitamins C and E may prevent the maternal-age-associated decrease in both the number of ovulated oocytes after exogenous ovarian stimulation and embryo development in vitro in the mouse. Experimental females were fed a standard diet supplemented with i) high doses of vitamins C and E from the first day of weaning until 12 or 40 weeks of age; or ii) moderate doses of vitamins C and E from the first day of weaning until 12 weeks of age or from 22 to 33 weeks of age. The age-related reduction in ovulation rate was partially prevented by supplementing diet with high doses of vitamins C and E from the first day…
Endometrial Factor in Unexplained Infertility and Recurrent Implantation Failure
2021
AbstractUnexplained infertility (UI) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF) are diagnoses based on failed pregnancy attempts within current infertility treatment models. Both diagnoses are made when fertility is unexplained based on current diagnostic methods and has no clear cause; UI is diagnosed when testing is inconclusive, and RIF is diagnosed after three failed in vitro fertilization cycles. In both cases, interventions are often introduced without an understanding of the cause of the infertility, frequently leading to frustration for patients and caregivers. Here, we review evidence to support an influence of endometrial factor in patients given these poorly defined diagnoses and p…
Deficiencies in reporting results of lesbians and gays after donor intrauterine insemination and assisted reproductive technology treatments: a revie…
2015
At a time when increasing numbers of lesbians and gays consider parenthood using reproductive assistance in infertility centers, the present review aims to summarize the results obtained so far by lesbians after intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) using donor spermatozoa (D-IUI and D-IVF, respectively) and gays entering into gestational-surrogacy programs. Data show that gays display normal semen parameters and lesbians exhibit no specific causes of female infertility except perhaps for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and some PCOS-related factors. Pair-bonded lesbians entering into D-IUI programs, tend to have higher pregnancy and delivery percentages followin…
Health outcomes of children born after IVF/ICSI: a review of current expert opinion and literature
2014
The Sixth Evian Annual Reproduction (EVAR) Workshop Group Meeting was held to evaluate the impact of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection on the health of assisted-conception children. Epidemiologists, reproductive endocrinologists, embryologists and geneticists presented data from published literature and ongoing research on the incidence of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities and congenital malformations in assisted-conception versus naturally conceived children to reach a consensus on the reasons for potential differences in outcomes between these two groups. IVF-conceived children have lower birthweights and higher peripheral fat, blood pressure and fasting glucose concentrations than …
Postovulatory Aging of Oocytes Decreases Reproductive Fitness and Longevity of Offspring1
2002
We analyzed the long-term effects of postovulatory aging of mouse oocytes on reproductive fitness and longevity of offspring. Hybrid (C57BL/6JIco 3 CBA/JIco) parental generation (F0) females were artificially inseminated at 13 h (;1 h postovulation) or 22 h (;10 h postovulation) after GnRH injection. Reproductive fitness of first generation (F1) females was tested from the age of 28 wk until the end of their reproductive life. In males, the testing period ranged from the age of 2 yr until their natural death. Experimental F1 females exhibited longer between-labor intervals, decreased frequency of litters, and lower total number of litters and offspring born. Experimental second generation (…
Obesity and assisted reproductive technology outcomes.
2006
Obesity is a rising health problem in Western societies. It has been related to increased morbidity and mortality rates due to several pathologies. In the field of gynaecology and reproduction, obesity is associated with menstrual disorders, hirsutism, infertility, miscarriage and obstetric complications. It is known to impair human reproduction through different mechanisms such as insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and elevated leptin levels. Weight management and dietary intervention can reverse this situation and improve reproductive function. Obesity can also impair the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies. The lower probability of a healthy live birth described in obese wome…
Ovarian stimulation for ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome.
2008
Objective To review the current evidence regarding the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome and female infertility, as well as the risks associated with ovarian stimulation for ovulation induction and IVF. To establish, based on this information, guidelines for safe and successful assisted reproductive technology (ART). Design A MEDLINE computer search was performed to identify relevant articles. Result(s) Systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome are not related to infertility, except for cases of amenorrhea accompanying severe flares, renal insufficiency-related hypofertility, and ovarian failure secondary to cyclophosphami…
An Inhibitor of Cytochrome Oxidase Activity in the Sea Urchin Egg
1959
PREVIOUS work in this laboratory1,2 has demonstrated the presence of a highly active cytochrome oxidase in the isolated mitochondria of unfertilized sea urchin eggs. This activity is only 25 per cent lower than that of the mitochondria of the newly fertilized egg and up to the blastula stage2. No cytochrome oxidase activity has been found other than in the mitochondria1,3. On the other hand, it is known that the oxygen consumption of the unfertilized sea urchin egg is quite low; fertilization restores a normal respiratory level which increases continuously during the early development (for a discussion, see ref. 4). The suggestion was then made2 that in the unfertilized egg an extra-mitocho…