Search results for "fetus"
showing 10 items of 293 documents
Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase in humans: development and tissue distribution.
1988
Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity was measured towards trans-stilbene oxide in 41 human adult livers, in 40 fetal livers, in 17 placentas and in fetal and adult lungs, kidneys and gut. The cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity was measurable in all specimens investigated. The rate of formation of trans-stilbene glycol (pmol/min per mg protein, mean +/- SD) was 55.2 +/- 89.6 (fetal liver). 303.2 +/- 73.2 (adult liver) and 18.8 +/- 13.1 (placenta) In the fetal extrahepatic tissues, the cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity was 70.0 +/- 9.4 (adrenals), 47.6 +/- 7.2 (gut), 69.4 +/- 22.5 (kidneys) and 43.2 +/- 19.2 (lungs) pmol/min per mg protein, whereas in the adult tissues it was 131.2 +/- 6…
Unexpected middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity values in the normal fetal population. Are they a matter of concern?
2018
AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate in the fetus the relationship between unexpected high middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (middle cerebral artery (MCA) peak sy...
Multiple pregnancies and air pollution in moderately polluted cities: Is there an association between air pollution and fetal growth?
2018
Background: Multiple pregnancies (where more than one fetus develops simultaneously in the womb) are systematically excluded from studies of the impact of air pollution on pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to analyze, in a population of multiple pregnancies, the relationship between fetal growth restriction (FGR), small for gestational age (SGA) and exposure to air pollution in moderately polluted cities. Methods: All women with multiple pregnancies living in the city of Besançon or in the urban area of Dijon and who delivered at a university hospital between 2005 and 2009 were included. FGR and SGA were obtained from medical records. Outdoor residential nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure wa…
Inhibition of glial proliferation in vitro by serum from patients with multiple sclerosis
1987
Primary cell cultures from fetal rat CNS have been employed to evaluate the effects caused by the addition of serum from patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS). MS-serum supplemented media caused a decrease in [3H]-thymidine incorporation into the cultures, thus indicating an inhibitory effect on proliferating glial cells. Sera from patients in remission stage of the disease showed an inhibitory effect not significatively lower than those from patients in acute stage. These results suggest that glial cells may be a target of circulating factors present in MS.
Oxidative stress and maternal obesity: Feto-placental unit interaction
2013
Abstract Objective To determine oxidative stress markers in maternal obesity during pregnancy and to evaluate feto-placental unit interaction, especially predictors of fetal metabolic alterations. Patients and methods 40 obese pregnant women (prepregnancy BMI > 30 kg/m²) were compared to 50 control pregnant women. Maternal, cord blood and placenta samples were collected at delivery. Biochemical parameters (total cholesterol and triglycerides) and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins, superoxide anion expressed as reduced Nitroblue Tetrazolium, nitric oxide expressed as nitrite, reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase) were assayed by biochemical methods. …
Predicted and actual fetal weight throughout the last trimester.
1997
The aim of our study was to obtain, in normal pregnancies, references values of predicted and actual fetal weight for both male and female fetuses and for fetuses born to nulliparous and multiparous women between weeks 28 and 41 of gestation. Predicted fetal weight curves represented calculations of weight in the third trimester based on weight data obtained during the second trimester. These curves were obtained from 134 ultrasonograms obtained between weeks 20 and 27. Actual fetal weight curves represented the values calculated from third trimester measurements and were based on 374 ultrasonograms obtained between weeks 28 and 41. For predicted fetal weight minor differences were found be…
Blood flow velocity waveforms of the fetal middle cerebral artery in a normal population: reference values from 18 weeks to 42 weeks of gestation
2002
The aim of this prospective cross-sectional study was to establish new Doppler reference curves for peak blood flow velocities (Vmax, Vmean, Vmin) and impedance indices (PI, RI) of the middle cerebral artery at 18-42 weeks of gestation by an automatic wave form analysis integrated into the ultrasound device. In 962 low-risk pregnancies, blood flow velocities were derived from the middle cerebral artery with pulsed color Doppler ultrasonography. Reference curves were constructed for the individual parameters based on a growth function from a four-parameter class of monotonic continuous functions according to the smallest square principle for maximum blood flow velocities, as well as on a pol…
The role of osteonectin in human tooth development: An immunohistological study
1992
We investigated immunohistologically 160 teeth and dental germs in various stages of tooth development taken from human individuals (13th week of pregnancy to the 24th year of life) to study the osteonectin expression in dental hard tissue. In the course of dentinogenesis, the predentin, the odontoblasts, and their cell processes show a positive osteonectin staining reaction. During cementogenesis, osteonectin is synthesized by cement-producing fibroblasts, cementoblasts, and cementocytes. The expression of osteonectin during dentinogenesis and cementogenesis is closely related to the development of the respective calcified tissue. All cells of the inner and outer enamel epithelium, the cel…
Cytokeratin 20 Is a General Marker of Cutaneous Merkel Cells While Certain Neuronal Proteins Are Absent
1995
Merkel cells are difficult to identify in tissue sections. Previous studies have used cytokeratins (CK) 8, 18, and 19 as histologic markers of Merkel cells. However, these CKs are also expressed in some outer root sheath keratinocytes and some early fetal epidermal cells and thus are not truly specific of Merkel cells in general. Using selective antibodies against a newly described CK, number 20--originally found in intestinal epithelium and Merkel cell carcinomas--in comparison to a key protein of neuroendocrine cells, chromogranin A, we established CK 20 as a specific Merkel cell marker in skin of humans, pigs, and mice. CK 20 seems to be an even more general and sensitive Merkel cell mar…
Prenatal exposure to lead in Spain: Cord blood levels and associated factors
2011
Abstract Introduction and Objective Lead is a known neurotoxic. Fetuses and infants are very vulnerable to lead exposure, since their blood-brain barrier is not completely formed. Hence, there is an importance for monitoring of blood lead levels prenatally and during early infancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prenatal exposure to lead and its association with maternal factors in four population based mother–child cohorts in Spain. The present research was carried out within the framework of the INMA project INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Environment and Childhood). Methods A total of 1462 pregnant women were recruited between 2004 and 2008. Lead was analyzed in a sample of cord blo…