Search results for "fiber"

showing 10 items of 2343 documents

Design of Radiation-Hardened Rare-Earth Doped Amplifiers through a Coupled Experiment/Simulation Approach

2013

International audience; We present an approach coupling a limited experimental number of tests with numerical simulations regarding the design of radiation-hardened (RH) rare earth (RE)-doped fiber amplifiers. Radiation tests are done on RE-doped fiber samples in order to measure and assess the values of the principal input parameters requested by the simulation tool based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach. The proposed simulation procedure is validated by comparing the calculation results with the measured degradations of two amplifiers made with standard and RH RE-doped optical fibers, respectively. After validation, the numerical code is used to theoretically investigate the …

Rare-Earth ionsOptical fiberMaterials scienceoptical fiberschemistry.chemical_elementlaw.inventionErbiumlawElectronic engineeringSensitivity (control systems)FiberYtterbiumrare-earth ionsOptical FibersCouplingparticle swarm optimizationAmplifierOptique / photoniqueParticle swarm optimizationytterbiumAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsAmplifiers erbium optical fibers particle swarm optimization radiation effects rare-earth ions ytterbiumAmplifiersRadiation EffectserbiumchemistryParticle Swarm Optimizationoptical fiber Rare-earth ions optical amplifier radiation induced absortpion Particle swarm optimization[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonicradiation effectsErbiumSpace environment
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Studien zum Vorgang der Wasserstoffübertragung, 39. Langlebige Hydrierkatalysatoren durch kovalente Verknüpfung von Phosphin-Rhodium-Komplexen an Aer…

1976

Homogene Phosphin-Rhodium-Katalysatoren werden durch kovalente Bindung an ‘Aminoaerosil’ heterogenisiert. Die Abhangigkeit der Hydriergeschwindigkeit von der Entfernung der aktiven Zentren zur Oberflache, von der Temperatur, vom Losungsmittel und von der Struktur der eingesetzten Olefine wird untersucht. Studies on the Occurrence of Hydrogen Transfer, 39. — Long-Lived Hydrogenation Catalyst by Covalent Fixation of Phosphine-Rhodium-Complexes on the Surface of Aerosil 200 The covalent binding of hitherto homogeneous phosphine-rhodium catalysts to “Amino-aerosil” is described. The dependence of the rate of catalysed hydrogenation upon the distance between the reaction centre and the silica su…

Reaction centreSolventOlefin fiberCovalent bondHomogeneousChemistryOrganic ChemistryPolymer chemistryCovalent bindingHydrogen transferPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryCatalysisJustus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
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Thermal characterisation of Bio Based Building Materials

2006

This paper describes how the characterization of indigenous renewable biomass sources that are applicable for making bio-based building (BBB) materials is crucial as it can significantly affect the cost of production and the quality of material. Nowadays, in any specific area, wide ranges of biomass sources are usually available but only a few sources may be suitable for making BBB material. Therefore the suited sources should be determined. In this paper, the use of BBB materials is focused on Insulation Materials which are widely used in the buildings. Compared with currently used materials, these materials are bio-degradable. Insulation material with a good energy-adsorbing property and …

Reaction conditionsMaterials scienceWaste managementbusiness.industryBiomassBio basedCharacterization (materials science)Fibersnatural fibreThermalRenewable biomassProduction (economics)Natural fibersProcess engineeringbusinessBuilding industry
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The effect of reaction conditions on the chain end structure and functionality during dehydrochlorination oftert-chlorine-telechelic polyisobutylene …

1998

Dehydrochlorination of tert-chlorine-telechelic polyisobutylene with potassium tert-butoxide in refluxing tetrahydrofuran is quantitative after 22 h, but results in ca. 3% endo olefin chain ends which are not reactive in some subsequent functionalization reactions. The formation of these undesired structures is most likely due to simultaneous thermally induced HCl loss. Lower temperatures and longer reaction times led to exclusive formation of external double bonds in some cases but to incomplete dehydrochlorination.

Reaction conditionschemistry.chemical_classificationOlefin fiberPolymers and PlasticsDouble bondPotassiumOrganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryChain (algebraic topology)Potassium tert-butoxidePolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistrySurface modificationTetrahydrofuranMacromolecular Rapid Communications
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Potassium demineralization of coconut fiber via combined hydrothermal treatment and washing: Effect on pyrolysis kinetics, mechanisms, and bio-oil co…

2021

Abstract Producing clean energy from waste biomass via pyrolysis is critical in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and alleviating their environmental impacts. Inherent potassium in low energy density coconut fibers reduces bio-oil yield and compromises bio-oil quality and the integrity of reactors within which pyrolysis occurs. The effect of consecutive hydrothermal treatment (180°C-220 °C) and water washing on coconut fiber demineralization, pyrolysis behavior, and bio-oil composition was investigated. Chemical fractionation method classified the most occurring inorganic (potassium) as ~76% water-soluble, ~19% ion-exchangeable, and ~5% acid-soluble species. Demineralization results show …

Reaction mechanismRenewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentChemistryPotassiumBiomasschemistry.chemical_elementForestryDemineralizationChemical engineeringThermal stabilityFiberWaste Management and DisposalAgronomy and Crop SciencePyrolysisOxygenateBiomass and Bioenergy
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Preferential Type II Muscle Fiber Damage From Plyometric Exercise

2012

Context: Plyometric training has been successfully used in different sporting contexts. Studies that investigated the effect of plyometric training on muscle morphology are limited, and results are controversial with regard to which muscle fiber type is mainly affected. Objective: To analyze the skeletal muscle structural and ultrastructural change induced by an acute bout of plyometric exercise to determine which type of muscle fibers is predominantly damaged. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eight healthy, untrained individuals (age = 22 ± 1 years, height = 179.2 ± 6.4 cm, weight = 78.9 ± 5.9 kg). Intervention(s): Partici…

Reflex Stretchmedicine.medical_specialtyPhysical Therapy Sports Therapy and RehabilitationContext (language use)Plyometric ExerciseSarcomereYoung AdultHumansPlyometricsMedicineOrthopedics and Sports MedicineExercise physiologyMuscle SkeletalCreatine KinaseExerciseOriginal ResearchbiologySettore BIO/16 - Anatomia Umanabusiness.industrySkeletal muscleGeneral Medicinemedicine.anatomical_structureMuscle Fibers Fast-Twitchbiology.proteinPhysical therapyCreatine kinasemedicine.symptombusinessType II Muscle Fibereccentric exercise sarcomere Z-disk streaming electron transmission microscopy creatine kinase dystrophinMuscle ContractionMuscle contractionJournal of Athletic Training
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Positioning of the cross-stitch on the modified Kessler core tendon suture

2018

[EN] Cryopreserved human tendons were sutured with different variations of a modified Kessler-type grasping suture in a series of different designs in order to assess the influence of the distance between the cross-stitch on the core suture (5 and 10 mm from the cut tendon edge) on the peripheral suture. An original mathematical model was employed to explain the mechanical behavior (strength, deformation, and distribution of load) of the different suture designs. The effect of the peripheral epitendinous suture, combined with the distance of the core suture, was evaluated. The variation of core suture distance had no relevant consequences on the overall resilience of the design. However, in…

ResistanceBiomedical Engineering030230 surgeryTendonsBiomaterials03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineSuture (anatomy)Tendon InjuriesTensile StrengthmedicineHumansOrthopedic ProceduresBiomechanicsFlexor tendonOrthodontics030222 orthopedicsSuturesFlexor tendonSuture TechniquesBiomechanicsCore suturePlastic Surgery ProceduresEvidence levelBiomechanical PhenomenaTendonCore (optical fiber)Core and peripheral suturemedicine.anatomical_structureCross-stitchMechanics of MaterialsFISICA APLICADAMAQUINAS Y MOTORES TERMICOSGeologyRepair
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Magnetic resonance imaging and optical coherence tomography correlations in multiple sclerosis beyond anatomical landmarks.

2020

Abstract Objective To investigate multiple sclerosis (MS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) cross-sectional correlations with central nervous system (CNS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and methods Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner (INL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) of 54 relapsing remitting (RRMS) and 38 progressive (PMS, 9 primary and 29 secondary) patients were measured. With less than 3 months brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), spinal cord (SC), total gray matter (GM) and white matter volumes were calculated. Demographical and clinical data was compared according to the history of optic neuritis (H…

Retinal Ganglion Cellsmedicine.medical_specialtyMultiple SclerosisNerve fiber layerWhite matter03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineOptical coherence tomographyOphthalmologymedicineHumansOptic neuritis030212 general & internal medicineOuter nuclear layermedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryMultiple sclerosisMagnetic resonance imagingmedicine.diseaseSpinal cordMagnetic Resonance Imagingmedicine.anatomical_structureCross-Sectional StudiesNeurologysense organsNeurology (clinical)business030217 neurology & neurosurgeryTomography Optical CoherenceJournal of the neurological sciences
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A novel automated segmentation method for retinal layers in OCT images proves retinal degeneration after optic neuritis.

2015

Aim The evaluation of inner retinal layer thickness can serve as a direct biomarker for monitoring the course of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Using optical coherence tomography (OCT), thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer and changes in deeper retinal layers have been observed in patients with MS. Here, we first compare a novel method for automated segmentation of OCT images with manual segmentation using two cohorts of patients with MS. Using this method, we also aimed to reproduce previous findings showing retinal degeneration following optic neuritis (ON) in MS. Methods Based on a 5×5 expansion of the Prewitt operator to efficie…

Retinal degenerationAdultMalePathologymedicine.medical_specialtyMultiple SclerosisOptic Neuritisgenetic structuresDiagnostic Techniques Ophthalmological03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundYoung Adult0302 clinical medicineNerve FibersOptical coherence tomographyOphthalmologyMedicineHumansSegmentationOptic neuritisGanglion cell layerRetinamedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryRetinal DegenerationReproducibility of ResultsRetinalMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseeye diseasesSensory SystemsOphthalmologymedicine.anatomical_structurechemistry030221 ophthalmology & optometryOptic nerveFemalesense organsbusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryAlgorithmsBiomarkersTomography Optical CoherenceRetinal NeuronsThe British journal of ophthalmology
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OCT-Angiography evaluation of peripapillary microvascular changes after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair

2021

Purpose: To evaluate the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) vessel density (VD) and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in eyes successfully treated with pars plana vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: In this cross-sectional multicenter clinical study, eyes with a minimum 12-month follow-up were reexamined. The RPCP VD and RNFL thickness in the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment subfields of the affected eye (study group) were compared with the corresponding areas of the healthy fellow eyes (control group). Results: Fifty-three eyes were included in the study. A significantly lower RPCP VD and RNFL thickness were observed in those subfields…

Retinal nerve fiber layerRadial peripapillary capillary plexusOCT-Angiography
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