Search results for "finance"
showing 10 items of 4676 documents
Poverty Reduction: The Paradox of the Endogenous Poverty Line
2007
When evaluating poverty, the relative poverty line may be considered as a percentage of the median income or it may be a percentage of the average income. It is proved that, with a poverty line relative to the median income, reducing poverty may become less costly in proportion to the total income as poverty increases (measured by the Sen, the Sen-Shorrocks-Thon or the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty indexes) by passing from a Lorenz concentration curve to another curve associated with more poverty. This is obviously a paradox, although a largely overlooked one. However, it is shown that the paradox vanishes if the poverty line is relative to the average income. The demonstration is both exp…
The paradox of endogenous poverty line in the poverty indices
2007
february 23-25, 2007; When measuring poverty, the poverty line is considered to be relatively determined as a percentage of the median income or as a percentage of the average income so as to allow international comparisons. The poverty line relative to the median income may be described as endogenous in contrast with the poverty line relative to the average income which may be described as exogenous because it is independent of the normalized distribution of incomes. As the existing literature is focused on the properties of the indices but not on the respective interest of the endogenous and exogenous poverty lines, this paper compares the two definitions of the relative poverty. The Rela…
Is Democracy Exportable?
2017
Among many aspects to the question of whether democracy is exportable, this contribution focuses on the role of the people, understood not as a unitary actor but as a heterogeneous set: the citizens. The people matter, in a different way, both in the countries to which democracy might be exported and in the democratic countries in which the question is about promoting democracy elsewhere. The mechanisms or characteristics involved in the discussion include yardstick competition, differences among citizens in the intensity of their preferences, differences among autocracies regarding intrusion into private life, citizens’ assessments of future regime change, and responsiveness of elected inc…
Repeat Assessed Values Model for Housing Price Index
2017
Abstract This study proposes an innovative methodology, named Repeat Appraised Price Model (RAV), useful for determining the price index numbers for real estate markets and the corresponding index numbers of hedonic prices of main real estate characteristics in the case of a lack of data. The methodological approach proposed in this paper aims to appraise the time series of price index numbers. It integrates the principles of the method of repeat sales with the peculiarities of the Hedonic Price Method, overcoming the problem of an almost total absence of repeat sales for the same property in a given time range; on the other hand, the technique aims to overcome the limitation of the repeat …
Is there a pilot in the classroom ?
2012
En ligne sur : http://2012.economicsofeducation.com/user/pdfsesiones/064.pdf; Using data from a survey conducted recently in Madagascar, the article analyzes what teachers and school directors do when they are at work and how they manage the pedagogical process. The results show that in only 15 percent of the sample schools do all of the teachers and school directors consistently perform the tasks considered essential to their role. Engagement at work is found to be significantly lower among contract teachers than among civil service teachers, and the ability of teachers to manage the pedagogical process does not improve with accumulated experience. Other noteworthy features in the importan…
La valeur économique des paysages des villes périurbanisées
2007
La recherche présentée ici propose une méthode de description et d’évaluation des caractéristiques d’un paysage qui combine la géographie quantitative et l’économétrie des modèles hédoniques. Un modèle géographique produit des indices caractérisant les paysages à partir d’une reconstitution de la vue depuis le sol, en tenant compte des effets du relief et des masques que les objets hauts opposent à la vue. Il décrit la quantité de paysage vu par un observateur au niveau du sol en la répartissant entre 13 types d’occupations du sol. Les variables produites par le modèle géographique sont utilisées dans des régressions hédoniques qui permettent d’évaluer l’impact des attributs paysagers ain…
Strategic renewal : Can it be done profitably?
2022
Industry transformation requires strategic renewal at the level of individual firms. Executives then face the dilemma of choosing renewal paths in the face of uncertainty over the competitive environment of the future, and hence the profitability of potential strategies. This dilemma motivates us to study industry transformation from the perspective of strategic renewal among 208 large firms in the global pulp and paper industry. The findings of our qualitative comparative analysis show that only a minority of firms in our sample succeeded in profitable proactive renewal. Content-wise, there were similarities in the pursued strategies over the wider population, but only a few maintained sup…
Product market regulation, innovation and productivity
2014
Several recent policy and academic contributions consider that liberalising product markets would foster innovation and growth. This paper analyses the innovation-productivity relationship at the industry-level for a sample of OECD manufacturing industries. We pay particular attention to the vertically-induced influence of product market regulation (PMR) of key input sectors of the economy on the innovative process of manufacturing and its consequences on productivity. We test for a differentiated effect of this type of PMR depending on whether countries are technological leaders or laggards in a given industry and for a given time period. Contrary to the most widespread policy claims, the …
ICT demand behaviour: An international comparison
2009
This study aims to provide some empirical explanations for the gaps in ICT diffusion between industrialized countries, especially European countries vis-à-vis the United States. The panel data cover eleven OECD countries: Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. These annual macroeconomic data span the 1981-2005 period.The analysis provides some original results: (i) the impact on ICT diffusion of the level of education and market rigidities has changed over time. The correlation of ICT diffusion, positive with the level of education and negative with market rigidities, increased over time (in absolute terms)…
Profit vs morality: how unfair is labor market discrimination? Results from a survey experiment
2019
Using an original survey-experimental protocol, we study the normative acceptability of the trade-off between immoral profit (discrimination) and costly morality (non-discrimination). We test the causal influence of three factors: i) the origin of discrimination, ii) the steepness of the morality/profit trade-off and iii) anti-discriminatory moral injunctions. Contrasting with past experimental and attitudinal studies, we find that a significant minority of respondents believe that labor market discrimination is acceptable when morality results in profit loss. We also find that the three tested factors have significant effects on normative opinions. Respondents are more likely to choose pro…