Search results for "fluid"

Antibodies to PECAM-1 and glucocorticoids reduce leukocyte adhesion in adjuvant arthritis of the rat knee synovium in vivo.

2002

Objective and design: To demonstrate the effect of monoclonal antibodies to the adhesion-molecule PECAM-1 (CD31) and of prednisolone on leukocyte adhesion in rat adjuvant arthritis.¶Material: Adjuvant arthritis was induced in male CD®-rats (five groups of n=6) 18 days prior to measurements.¶Treatment: Mouse-monoclonal antibody to rat CD-31 at 200 μg/kg or prednisolone at 24 mg/kg were administered i.v. 15 minutes prior to measurements.¶Methods: Venules within the intact rat-knee synovium were focused by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Numbers of rolling and adherent leukocytes were assessed in vivo.¶Results: Induction of arthritis significantly increased rolling and adherent leukocytes …

Assessment of local cellular immunity in lung cancer by bronchoalveolar lavage.

1990

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most malignant of the pulmonary neoplasms and is associated with a poor local cellular immune response. 16 patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 11 patients with SCLC underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the lung which harbored the tumor in order to investigate the lymphocyte surface antigens utilizing the immunoperoxidase technique. Analysis of blood lymphocytes was performed in parallel. 8 patients with previous sarcoidosis in complete remission who underwent BAL and 10 normal blood donors served as controls. Among blood lymphocytes the CD3+, CD4+ and CD16+ cell populations were elevated significantly and the T4/T8 ratio was elevate…

A method to enable the investigation of murine bronchial immune cells, their cytokines and mediators.

2007

Innovative therapies for severe lung diseases (such as allergic and chronic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or any type of lung cancer) require a detailed understanding of the cellular and immune processes in the lung. This protocol details a method to obtain the immune cells of the bronchi as well as the cytokines and mediators produced by these cells for further investigation. The broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is taken by injecting physiological solution through the tracheal tube into the murine airways and carefully regained by winding up the connected syringe. After centrifugation, the resulting BALF supernatant can be stored for detection of cytokines or other medi…

Local blockade of IL-6R signaling induces lung CD4+ T cell apoptosis in a murine model of asthma via regulatory T cells.

2007

We previously reported high levels of the soluble form of the IL-6R (sIL-6R) in the airways of asthmatic subjects. Here, we analyzed the IL-6R effects on Th2 cell survival in the lung by locally antagonizing sIL-6R-mediated trans-signaling with a designer fusion protein (gp130-Fc) as well as IL-6R signaling with an antibody against the gp80 unit of the IL-6R (alphaIL-6R) in a murine model of asthma after ovalbumin peptide (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Blockade of the sIL-6R led to a significant decrease in inflammatory cells by an apoptosis-independent mechanism. In contrast, local treatment with alphaIL-6R antibodies that also block signaling via the membrane-bound IL-6R (mIL-6R) led …

Sequestration of T lymphocytes to body fluids in tuberculosis: reversal of anergy following chemotherapy.

1999

The specificity of CD4 T lymphocytes was investigated in 6 patients affected by tuberculosis who had negative tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests at diagnosis. Polyclonal CD4 T cell lines from the peripheral blood failed to proliferate to PPD and to the 16- or 38-kDa proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while CD4 cell lines from the disease site responded to PPD and to the 16- and 38-kDa proteins and derived epitopes in vitro. Four months after chemotherapy, the patients became responsive to PPD. The proliferative response to PPD and to the 16- or 38-kDa proteins and their derived peptides decreased in CD4 T cell lines from the disease site and increased in lines from…

CFD prediction of bubbles local gas hold-up in 2-dimensional gas-solid fluidized beds

2008

Application of SPH numerical procedures to hydraulic problems

2014

CARS spectroscopy of CH4 for implication of temperature measurements in supercritical LOX/CH4 combustion

2007

International audience; Experimental and theoretical investigations of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of CH4 have been carried out. Experimental spectra were measured in a heated high-pressure test cell and compared with numerical simulations. Good agreement was obtained for the temperature and the pressure dependence of CARS spectra in the ranges 300-1100 K and 0.1-5.0 MPa. The observed dependencies provide useful guidance for CARS thermometry, allowing quantitative measurements of temperature in high-pressure combustors. Application of multiplex CH4 CARS thermometry for single-shot measurements in a LOX/CH4 combustion at high pressure was demonstrated at supercritical conditions …

Analytic response relativistic coupled-cluster theory: the first application to indium isotope shifts

2019

With increasing demand for accurate calculation of isotope shifts of atomic systems for fundamental and nuclear structure research, an analytic energy derivative approach is presented in the relativistic coupled-cluster theory framework to determine the atomic field shift and mass shift factors. This approach allows the determination of expectation values of atomic operators, overcoming fundamental problems that are present in existing atomic physics methods, i.e. it satisfies the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, does not involve any non-terminating series, and is free from choice of any perturbative parameter. As a proof of concept, the developed analytic response relativistic coupled-cluster the…

Measuring Observable Quantum Contextuality

2016

Contextuality is a central property in comparative analysis of classical, quantum, and supercorrelated systems. We examine and compare two well-motivated approaches to contextuality. One approach (“contextuality-by-default”) is based on the idea that one and the same physical property measured under different conditions (contexts) is represented by different random variables. The other approach is based on the idea that while a physical property is represented by a single random variable irrespective of its context, the joint distributions of the random variables describing the system can involve negative (quasi-)probabilities. We show that in the Leggett-Garg and EPR-Bell systems, the two …