Search results for "focal"
showing 10 items of 803 documents
Standard Therapeutic Approach and New Therapies
2015
The traditional approach to therapy of Crohn’s disease has been the step-up approach usually represented as a pyramid (Fig. 7.1) where, progressing from mild to severe disease, therapeutic choices proceed step by step from less potent drugs at the basement of the pyramid to more potent but also more toxic drugs at the top. The advent of biological therapies and the wider use of immunomodulators, together with the opportunity to achieve ambitious treatment goals and possibly to modify the course of disease, have led to other approaches such as the accelerated step-up or the top-down approach. This means that immunomodulators and biologics can be used earlier and de-escalated when disease is …
Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Complications and Their Treatment
2021
Focal therapy is a modern alternative to selectively treat a specific part of the prostate harboring clinically significant disease while preserving the rest of the gland. The aim of this therapeutic approach is to retain the oncological benefit of active treatment and to minimize the side-effects of common radical treatments. The oncological effectiveness of focal therapy is yet to be proven in long-term robust trials. In contrast, the toxicity profile is well-established in randomized controlled trials and multiple robust prospective cohort studies. This narrative review summarizes the relevant evidence on complications and their management after focal therapy. When compared to whole glan…
Molecular endoscopic imaging: the future is bright
2019
The prediction and final survival rate of gastrointestinal cancers are dependent on the stage of disease. The ideal would be to detect those gastrointestinal lesions at early stage or even premalignant forms which are difficult to detect by conventional endoscopy with white light optical imaging as they show minimum or no changes in morphological characteristics and are thus left untreated. The introduction of molecular imaging has greatly changed the pattern for detecting gastrointestinal lesions from purely macroscopic structural imaging to the molecular level. It allows microscopic examination of the gastrointestinal mucosa with endoscopy after the topical or systemic application of mol…
Phosphodiesterase10A: abundance and circadian regulation in the retina and photoreceptor of the rat.
2011
Phosphodiesterase10A (PDE10A) is a dual specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase that is specifically enriched in striatum and which has gained attention as a therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders. The present study shows that PDE10A is also highly expressed in retinal neurons including photoreceptors. The levels of PDE10A transcript and protein display daily rhythms which could be seen in preparations of the whole retina. Corresponding changes in PDE10A mRNA were seen in photoreceptors isolated using laser microdissection. This suggests that the expressional control of the photoreceptor Pde10a gene contributes to the observed cyclicity in the amount of retinal PDE10A. The daily …
Validity of automated refraction after segmented refractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation
2017
Aim To evaluate the clinical utility of automated refraction (AR) and keratometry (KR) compared with subjective or manifest refraction (MR) after cataract or refractive lens exchange surgery with implantation of Lentis Mplus X (Oculentis GmbH) refractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL). Methods Eighty-six eyes implanted with the Lentis Mplus X multifocal IOL were included. MR was performed in all patients followed by three consecutive AR measurements using the Topcon KR-8000 autorefractor. Assessment of repeatability of consecutive AR before and after dilation with phenylephrine 10%, and comparison of the AR and KR with MR using vector analysis were performed at 3mo follow-up. Results Ana…
Visual Performance after AcrySof ReSTOR Aspheric Intraocular Lens Implantation
2008
Purpose: To evaluate distance, intermediate and near visual performance in patients who had undergone implantation of the multifocal aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: Binocular best distance corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at high and low contrast [4 m], best distance corrected near visual acuity (BCNVA) [40 cm], intermediate visual acuity [80 and 60 cm], and distance contrast sensitivity (CS) under photopic [85 cd/m2] and mesopic [3 cd/m2] conditions, were measured in 36 eyes that underwent implantation of the AcrySof ReSTOR Aspheric IOL (SN6AD3). Results: At the 3-month postoperative visit, binocular BCVA was -0.058±0.091, 0.200±0.079, and 0.258±0.071 logMAR, for 100…
INHIBITION OF CELLULAR GROWTH AND STEROID 11β-HYDROXYLATION INRAS-TRANSFORMED ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS BY THE FUNGAL TOXINS BETICOLINS
1996
Abstract The proliferation of GM16 and 4CDTras-transformed newborn rat adrenocortical (RTAC) cells and Y1 mouse adrenal tumor cells was inhibited by beticolins, the fungal toxins extracted fromCercospora beticola, at submicromolar concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibitory concentrations for half the maximum inhibition were 150, 75 and 25 n M for beticolin-1 and 230, 150 and 50 n M for beticolin-2 in GM16, 4CDT and Y1 cells respectively. Beticolins strongly inhibited the production of 11β-hydroxysteroids on the second and third days of treatment in a dose-dependent manner between 0.1 and 1 μ M . Beticolins were shown by confocal microscopy to be localized in cytoplasmic organelle…
Monophosphoryl lipid A coating of hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules drastically increases uptake and maturation by dendritic cells while minimizing th…
2015
Enhancing delivery of antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) is essential for the induction of vigorous antigen-specific cellular immune responses. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the properties of hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules (HES-NCs) functionalized with anti-CD40, anti-DEC205, interferon-γ (IFNγ) and/or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) with respect to the overall uptake, the released cytokine profile, and the influence on phenotypic maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. NC uptake by DCs was significantly enhanced by functionalizing NCs with anti-CD40 or MPLA. With respect to the cytokine profile and…
A genomic reappraisal of symbiotic function in the aphid/Buchnera symbiosis: reduced transporter sets and variable membrane organisations.
2011
International audience; Buchnera aphidicola is an obligate symbiotic bacterium that sustains the physiology of aphids by complementing their exclusive phloem sap diet. In this study, we reappraised the transport function of different Buchnera strains, from the aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum, Schizaphis graminum, Baizongia pistaciae and Cinara cedri, using the re-annotation of their transmembrane proteins coupled with an exploration of their metabolic networks. Although metabolic analyses revealed high interdependencies between the host and the bacteria, we demonstrate here that transport in Buchnera is assured by low transporter diversity, when compared to free-living bacteria, being mostly bas…
Wirbelsäulenmanifestationen der chronischen rekurrierenden multifokalen Osteomyelitis (CRMO)
2002
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a systemic osteo-articular disease that is characterized by a sterile, primarily chronic osteomyelitis with various distribution patterns of the individual lesions. In this article, we describe the "axial type" with predominant involvement of the spine, which represents 13 of our 41 CRMO cases of different age groups. The important element of its diagnosis is the typical lympho-plasmacellular spondylitis that can be detected and staged by scintigraphy, MRI and conventional radiography. Potentially affected are all vertebrae from the mid-cervical spine to the sacrum. One or several segments can be involved, sometimes as transient inflammat…