Search results for "force"
showing 10 items of 3423 documents
Rewarding effects and reinstatement of MDMA-induced CPP in adolescent mice.
2007
Although the rewarding effects of 3,4-methylenedioxy-metamphetamine (MDMA) have been demonstrated in self-administration and conditioned place preference (CPP) procedures, its addictive potential (ie, the vulnerability to relapse, measured by its ability to induce reinstatement of an extinguished response), remains poorly understood. In this study, the effects of MDMA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) on the acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of CPP were evaluated in mice, using two different protocols during acquisition of CPP. In the first experiment, animals were trained using a two-session/day schedule (MDMA and saline for 4 consecutive days), whereas in the second experiment, they were trai…
The bite force and craniofacial morphology in patients with acromegaly: A pilot study
2013
Objectives: Acromegaly is a metabolic disorder caused by increased growth hormone secretion. As a consequence of acromegaly some typical craniofacial morphology changes appear. This pilot study was conducted to compare the bite force and the characteristic size and shape of the craniofacial components of acromegalic patients with the healthy Turkish individuals. In additon, the correlations between bite force and craniofacial morphology of patients with acromegaly and control individuals were evaluated. Study Design: The maximum bite force of the participants was recorded with strain-gage transducer. Lateral xray scans were made under standard conditions, in centric occlusion. On cephalogra…
Circadian rhythm of COPD symptoms in clinically based phenotypes. Results from the STORICO Italian observational study
2019
Abstract Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) encompasses various phenotypes that severely limit the applicability of precision respiratory medicine. The present investigation is aimed to assess the circadian rhythm of symptoms in pre-defined clinical COPD phenotypes and its association with health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), the quality of sleep and the level of depression/anxiety in each clinical phenotype. Methods The STORICO (NCT03105999) Italian observational prospective cohort study enrolled COPD subjects. A clinical diagnosis of either chronic bronchitis (CB), emphysema (EM) or mixed COPD-asthma (MCA) phenotype was made by clinicians at enrollment. Baseline e…
Effects of long-acting bronchodilators in COPD patients according to COPD severity and ICS use
2013
SummaryBackgroundIndacaterol is a once-daily, long-acting β2-agonist bronchodilator that improves dyspnoea and health status in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. While its bronchodilator effects have been shown to be maintained in different patient subgroups, effects on clinical outcomes in certain subgroups are not yet defined.MethodsPost-hoc analysis of pooled clinical study data to investigate efficacy and safety of indacaterol compared with placebo and other long-acting bronchodilators (formoterol, salmeterol, open-label tiotropium) in patient subgroups defined by COPD severity (GOLD stage II or III; n = 4082) and ICS use at baseline (no/yes; n = 4088). Efficacy outcomes were troug…
Burnout, associated comorbidities and coping strategies in French community pharmacies—BOP study: A nationwide cross-sectional study
2016
International audience; Background: work-related stress and burnout syndromes are unfortunately common comorbidities found in health professionals. However, burnout syndrome has only been partly and episodically assessed for community pharmacists whereas these professionals are exposed to patients’ demands and difficulties every day. Prevalence of burnout, associated comorbidities and coping strategies were assessed in pharmacy teams (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) in French community pharmacies.Methods: This online survey was performed by emails sent to all French community pharmacies over 3 months. The survey assessed the prevalence of burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory—MBI—questio…
Effect of skiing speed on ski and pole forces in cross-country skiing.
2008
Purpose: The present study characterized pole and ski forces in classical technique cross-country skiing. Eight elite junior cross-country skiers performed diagonal skiing at 65%, 75%, 90%, and 100% of maximum speed on a stable 100-m-low uphill (2.5[degrees]). Method: The ski and the pole forces (vertical (Fz) and horizontal (Fy) directions) on the right and left sides were recorded separately when the skier skied over a special custom-made force platform system placed at the end of the uphill course. The entire system consisted of four separate 20-m-long rows of 1-m-long force plates connected in series, row by row. Results: When the forces were averaged for the various functional phases o…
Evaluation of surgical-orthodontic treatments on impacted mandibular canines
2010
WOS: 000298087100012 PubMed: 21196853 Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate patients treated for impacted mandibular canines through a combined surgical and orthodontic approach. Study Design: The cases which were made button operations of impacted mandibular canines were selected from 5100 panoramic radiographs taken from patients who made use of our oral and maxillofacial surgery services between January 1998 to April 2006. All of these selected patients were assessed radiographically. Pertinent information such as sex, age at the time of surgery, site of the unerupted tooth, space availability and any other associated pathoses were also recorded. These patients were called agai…
Learning outdoors: male lizards show flexible spatial learning under semi-natural conditions.
2012
Spatial cognition is predicted to be a fundamental component of fitness in many lizard species, and yet some studies suggest that it is relatively slow and inflexible. However, such claims are based on work conducted using experimental designs or in artificial contexts that may underestimate their cognitive abilities. We used a biologically realistic experimental procedure (using simulated predatory attacks) to study spatial learning and its flexibility in the lizard Eulamprus quoyii in semi-natural outdoor enclosures under similar conditions to those experienced by lizards in the wild. To evaluate the flexibility of spatial learning, we conducted a reversal spatial-learning task in which …
Assessment of the abuse potential of MDMA in the conditioned place preference paradigm: Role of CB1 receptors
2013
Numerous reports have highlighted the role of the endocannabinoid system in the addictive potential of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine). A previous report showed that CB1 knockout (KOCB1) mice do not acquire MDMA self-administration, despite developing conditioned place preference (CPP). This contradiction could be due to the particular procedure of place conditioning used. The present work compares MDMA-induced CPP in KOCB1 mice using unbiased and biased procedures of place conditioning. In the unbiased procedure, MDMA induced CPP and reinstatement of the extinguished preference in wild type (WT) mice, but not in KOCB1 mice. In contrast, in a biased protocol of CPP, MDMA produced …
Sex differences in behavioral traits related with high sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine
2021
Cocaine is the most prevalent illegal stimulant drug in Europe among the adult population. Its abuse is characterized by a faster substance abuse disorder (SUD) development than other drugs, with high vulnerability to relapse. However, there does not exist an effective treatment for cocaine dependence. Sex differences have been reported in psychological disorders including SUD. For this reason, it is essential to identify risk factors that predict susceptibility or resilience to cocaine addiction for the development of effective prevention strategies considering sex differences. In the present study, the main objective was to determine more sensitive phenotypes to the conditioned reinforcin…